Question 1

If cow's milk is found to contain unusually high levels of iodine, what is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If cow's milk is found to contain...

Question 2

Which of the following is the richest source of iodine?

Accepted Answer

Seafood, especially seaweed, is the richest source of iodine. Corn, orange juice, and cruciferous vegetables do not contain significant amounts of iodine.

Question 3

You have just been hired by the World Health Organization to promote nutrition education and policies in a small country in Asia, whose population has a high prevalence of goiter.Which of the following policies would be the best to implement with respect to iodine status, cost, and efficiency?

Accepted Answer

The most cost-effective and efficient way to address iodine deficiency in a population is to fortify salt with iodine. This has been successful in many countries around the world and is widely recognized as a safe and effective way of increasing iodine intake. Promoting free iodine supplements may be difficult to sustain and may not reach all those who need them, while educating the population to avoid goitrogens in their diet may be challenging and difficult to implement. Educating the population to spend more time at the beach is not a feasible option as not everyone has access to the beach and relying on this as a sole source of iodine is not practical.

Question 4

Approximately how much iodized salt must be consumed to meet but not exceed the RDA for iodine?

Accepted Answer

½ teaspoon of iodized salt typically contains about 150 micrograms of iodine, which meets the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for most adults.

Question 5

What is a goitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A goitrogen is a substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland, leading to the development of a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland). Examples of goitrogens include certain vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, as well as some medications and environmental pollutants.

Question 6

Which of the following foods are known to contain goitrogens?

Accepted Answer

Cauliflower and broccoli are known to contain goitrogens which can interfere with thyroid function. Shellfish, whole grains, blueberries, and raspberries do not contain goitrogens.

Question 7

What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for iodine?

Accepted Answer

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for iodine is 1100 µg. Consuming more than this amount can cause thyroid dysfunction and other health issues. Therefore, choice C is the best choice.

Question 8

Which of the following is a prominent feature of mild iodine deficiency in children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a prominent...

Question 9

Which of the following is a feature of iodide utilization?

Accepted Answer

A deficiency or a toxicity of iodide can cause the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is called goiter. A and B are not relevant to the feature of iodide utilization. D is incorrect as the amount of iodine present in the soil affects the amount of iodide in foods.

Question 10

What is the origin of goitrogens in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Goitrogens are naturally occurring compounds found in certain foods, such as cruciferous vegetables, soybeans, and millet.

Question 11

What nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism?

Accepted Answer

Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism in the mother during pregnancy, which can cause irreversible damage to the developing fetus, including cretinism. Iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, which are critical for proper brain development.

Question 12

Which of the following is an important function of selenium?

Accepted Answer

Selenium is an important antioxidant that plays a crucial role in inhibiting the formation of free radicals in the body. It also contributes to the proper functioning of the immune system and thyroid gland. It is not involved in blood clotting (A), stabilizing alcohol content of beer (C), or acting as a cross-linking agent in collagen (D).

Question 13

Which of the following fruits are known to contain substances that inhibit the functioning of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Peaches and strawberries contain goitrogens, substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting iodine uptake.

Question 14

What is the adult RDA for iodine?

Accepted Answer

The adult RDA for iodine is 150 µg, as iodine plays a crucial role in thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. Adequate intake of iodine also helps prevent iodine deficiency disorders such as goiter, cretinism, and hypothyroidism.

Question 15

A person ingesting large amounts of thyroid antagonist substances is at high risk of developing

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person ingesting large amounts of thyroid...

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely result from an excessive intake of iodine?

Accepted Answer

Excessive intake of iodine can result in thyroid gland enlargement, also known as goiter. This is because iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and an excess of iodine can disrupt hormone synthesis, leading to enlargement of the thyroid gland. Diarrhea, skin rashes, and dehydration are not typically associated with excessive iodine intake.

Question 17

Which of the following is a feature of iodine in nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Iodization of salt is mandatory in the United States and Canada, so options C and D are incorrect. Excessive intakes of iodine can actually enlarge the thyroid gland, not shrink it, so option A is also incorrect. Therefore, the only correct answer is B, which states that processed foods in the United States do not use iodized salt.

Question 18

Your uncle Carlos has survived two heart attacks, and recently asked if he might be deficient in selenium, which he had just heard is essential to heart health.You are aware of his food habits and explain that his condition could not be the result of a dietary deficiency of selenium because

Accepted Answer

Selenium is found in most food groups, including grains, meats, fish, and dairy products. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that a deficiency in selenium would be responsible for Carlos's heart attacks.

Question 19

Which of the following would be the most appropriate food source of iodide for a person who lives inland?

Accepted Answer

People who live inland might not have access to seafood or seaweed, which are good sources of iodide. The most appropriate food source for them would be iodized table salt, which is commonly available and can be added to their diet.

Question 20

Keshan disease results from a deficiency of

Accepted Answer

Keshan disease is a cardiomyopathy caused by selenium deficiency.

Quiz 13: The Trace Minerals