Question 1

Which of the following are the main laboratory clinical manifestations of cystitis? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Bacteriuria and Pyuria are the main laboratory clinical manifestations of cystitis. Bacteriuria indicates the presence of bacteria in the urine, which is common in urinary tract infections (UTIs) including cystitis. Pyuria refers to the presence of pus or white blood cells in the urine, indicating inflammation or infection in the urinary tract.

Question 2

When other symptoms are presented with atrophic vaginitis, a biopsy is used as the diagnostic test to rule out which of the following diagnoses? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A biopsy is used to rule out conditions such as squamous cell hyperplasia, lichen sclerosis, and lichen planus when other symptoms are presented with atrophic vaginitis. These conditions can have similar symptoms but are distinguished histologically through biopsy. Urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections are typically diagnosed through urine tests and swabs, not biopsies.

Question 3

Women developing ovarian cancer may be asymptomatic, making it hard to detect until the condition has worsened.Which of the following is the best initial diagnostic tool for suspected
Ovarian cancer?

Accepted Answer

Transvaginal ultrasonography is considered the best initial diagnostic tool for suspected ovarian cancer because it allows for detailed imaging of the ovaries, helping to identify masses or irregularities that may indicate cancer.

Question 4

Breast cancer is more prevalent in the female gender, with a median age of 61 years.Which of the following are modifiable risk factors that may contribute to the diagnosis of breast cancer?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Postmenopausal obesity, B) Alcohol intake, and D) Menopause hormone therapy are modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. These factors can be altered by lifestyle changes or medical decisions, potentially reducing the risk of developing breast cancer. Early menarche (C) and ethnicity (E) are not modifiable as they are determined by genetics and cannot be changed.

Question 5

Jessie is a 54-year-old patient with a history of atrophic vaginitis.Which of the following should be included in her patient education? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble lubricants can help alleviate discomfort during intercourse. Regular sexual activity can improve vaginal health by increasing blood flow. Understanding and addressing age-related changes can help manage symptoms effectively.

Question 6

The genitourinary and reproductive systems undergo many age-related changes.Which of the following statements is true about these changes?

Accepted Answer

The older male patient experiences more gradual changes in the genitourinary and reproductive systems compared to the more abrupt changes experienced by the older female patient, largely due to menopause.

Question 7

Lucy is a 56-year-old woman experiencing itching, discomfort, and bleeding after intercourse. Which of the following conditions may be developing in the patient?

Accepted Answer

Atrophic vaginitis is a condition that occurs when the vaginal tissues become thin, dry, and inflamed. This can be caused by a decrease in estrogen levels, which can occur after menopause or during breastfeeding. Symptoms of atrophic vaginitis include itching, discomfort, and bleeding after intercourse.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true for untreated symptomatic cystitis?

Accepted Answer

Untreated symptomatic cystitis can ascend to the kidneys, causing pyelonephritis, and potentially lead to sepsis, shock, and death if not treated.

Question 9

Mr.Angulo is an 89-year-old patient who was recently an inpatient for pneumonia and was bedridden for 1 week.He is now presenting dysuria, suprapubic tenderness accompanied by
Fever, and increased confusion.Based on his recent history, which of the following conditions may be developing?

Accepted Answer

Cystitis, or bladder infection, is suggested by Mr. Angulo's symptoms of dysuria, suprapubic tenderness, fever, and increased confusion, especially following a period of being bedridden which can increase the risk of urinary tract infections.

Question 10

Prostate cancer is the most common and leading cause of cancer death in men.Which of the following statements is true about prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

Prostate cancer in its early stages often does not cause symptoms. It's typically detected through screening tests like PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels before symptoms develop. Symptoms such as pain are more common in advanced stages of the disease.

Question 11

Which of the following conditions presents nonproliferating lesions and does not affect future cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

Fat necrosis is a benign, nonproliferative condition that results from injury to the breast tissue, leading to necrosis of fat cells. It does not increase the risk of developing breast cancer in the future, unlike the other conditions listed, which are considered proliferative lesions with varying degrees of increased cancer risk.

Question 12

Which of the following is the single most signal symptom for possible breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A breast mass is considered the single most significant symptom of possible breast cancer, as it indicates the presence of a lump or growth which could be malignant.

Question 13

A nurse practitioner is performing an annual checkup for a female patient.In the physical examination of the breast, for which of the following should the nurse practitioner assess? Select
All that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse practitioner is performing an annual...

Question 14

Marie, 63 years old, is presenting with symptoms of postmenopausal bleeding and is diagnosed with endometrial cancer.Other than gender and age, which of the following can be contributing factors in the development of endometrial cancer? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Factors contributing to the development of endometrial cancer include diabetes, use of tamoxifen (a medication used to treat breast cancer), obesity, and Lynch syndrome (a genetic condition that increases cancer risk). Hormonal contraception is generally associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer.

Question 15

During a breast examination, the patient should be asked if she has which of the following? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Breast pain, rash, and trauma are important symptoms to inquire about during a breast examination as they can indicate various conditions or issues that need to be addressed.

Quiz 11: Urological and Gynecological Disorders