Question 1

If a nurse is using the natural history of a disease to help develop a primary prevention program for a specific disease, he or she would begin with:

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of disease, so studying the disease-free state helps identify ways to prevent the disease from occurring in the first place.

Question 2

A patient diagnosed with diabetes buys books, reads articles, talks with knowledgeable people, informs himself about what he can do to improve his health, and takes action. The nurse recognizes this method of adult learning as:

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Which of these tests is not an indicator of health literacy?

Accepted Answer

The National Quality Forum (NQF) is not a test for health literacy; it is an organization that focuses on healthcare quality improvement.

Question 4

A nursing student is studying the seven priorities of the National Prevention Strategy. The student correctly identifies which one of the following interventions as not reflecting any of the seven priorities in this plan?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nursing student is studying the seven...

Question 5

In order to assess the prevalence of a disease in a population, a PHN can use the prevalence pot to help better understand the occurrence of disease in her or his community. The prevalence pot: Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The prevalence pot represents the total number of current cases (A), considers both the duration and incidence of the disease (B), and includes all stages of the disease (C). It does not calculate potential new cases (D).

Question 6

When screening for, monitoring, and diagnosing disease, a health-care provider always evaluates a measurement tool for which of the following attributes? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

When evaluating a measurement tool for disease screening, monitoring, and diagnosis, the most important attributes to consider are reliability (consistency of the results), validity (accuracy of the results), sensitivity (ability of the tool to correctly identify individuals with the disease), and specificity (ability of the tool to correctly identify individuals without the disease). Functionality is also important, but it is not as critical as the other attributes in ensuring accurate and effective disease management.

Question 7

Population attributable risk (PAR) is based on the assumption that the risk factor is removed from the entire population being targeted. It also can be used to calculate the cost benefit and the ____ of a prevention program.

Accepted Answer

Population attributable risk (PAR) is a measure of the proportion of disease cases in a population that can be attributed to a specific risk factor. By estimating the PAR, we can determine the potential impact of a prevention program if the risk factor is eliminated. This information can then be used to calculate the cost effectiveness of the prevention program, which indicates whether the benefits of the program outweigh the costs. Therefore, the best choice is A, cost effectiveness. B, necessity, C, population ecology, and D, percent of repeat participants are not directly related to PAR.

Question 8

Based on the Social-Ecological model of health, which of the following are components of health? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the Social-Ecological model of health,...

Question 9

A nursing student is studying preventable causes of death. In 2011, what was not one of the four leading at-risk behaviors that were underlying causes of disease and preventable death?

Accepted Answer

Falls are not considered an at-risk behavior like the others listed, which are lifestyle choices contributing to preventable diseases and deaths.

Question 10

A public health nurse (PHN) notices the rising incidence of H1N1 (swine flu) in a geographic area. The nurse considers possible interventions, knowing that the preclinical phase of H1N1 lasts:

Accepted Answer

The preclinical phase of H1N1 lasts one to two days.

Question 11

A nursing student is listening to a lecture on poor health outcomes. Based on research by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the instructor says that for an individual with a non-communicable disease less knowledge of chronic disease management and performance of fewer health promotion activities at home, most likely reflects:

Accepted Answer

Low health literacy is often linked to poor health outcomes as it affects an individual's ability to understand and manage their health conditions effectively.

Question 12

In 2011, the National Prevention Strategy released a plan to increase the number of Americans who are healthy at every stage of life. Which of the following is not one of the strategic directions included in the strategy?

Accepted Answer

The National Prevention Strategy includes three strategic directions: building healthy and safe community efforts, eliminating health disparities, and empowering people to make healthy choices. While the strategy does prioritize increasing access to care, it is not listed as one of the three strategic directions.

Question 13

Attributable risk is the proportion of cases or injuries that would be eliminated if a risk factor did not occur, but preventable fraction is:

Accepted Answer

Preventable fraction refers to the proportion of cases that could be prevented if an intervention is implemented effectively in a community setting.

Question 14

In the traditional public health prevention framework, the level of prevention that includes early detection and initiation of treatment for disease, or screening, is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

The level of prevention that includes early detection and initiation of treatment for disease, or screening, is referred to as the secondary level of prevention. This level aims to detect and treat diseases in their early stages to prevent further progression and complications. The primary level focuses on preventing the onset of disease, while the tertiary level aims to manage and treat the complications and disabilities associated with the disease. The clinical level refers to the diagnosis and treatment of individual patients, and is not a level of prevention.

Question 15

The nursing student is studying learning theories. He learns that television commercials are an example of which learning theory?

Accepted Answer

Television commercials often use Bandura's theory of social learning, which involves learning through observation and imitation of models.

Question 16

A school cafeteria is planning menus for the school year. They used the 2012 national law that calls for school lunch programs to have larger portions of fruits and vegetables, less sodium, and no trans fats as their guide. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

An upstream approach focuses on preventing the development of obesity by addressing the underlying causes, such as unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activity. The school cafeteria's decision to follow the 2012 national law is an example of an upstream approach because it aims to prevent obesity by promoting healthy eating habits.

Question 17

When a health-care provider offers nutritional health teaching on portions, patterns, and choices, he or she is using which type of approach?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a health-care provider offers nutritional health...

Quiz 2: Optimizing Population Health