Question 1

Traditionally psychologists' study of social development has focused mainly on:

Accepted Answer

Traditionally, psychologists have focused on the individual child when studying social development, examining how children develop social skills, behaviors, and understanding.

Question 2

The theory that development emerges from interactions with more skilled people and the institutions and tools provided by the culture is:

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural theory, developed by Lev Vygotsky, emphasizes the role of social interaction, cultural tools, and institutions in the development of cognition.

Question 3

Which theoretical perspectives view development as culture-specific:

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural and ecological perspectives emphasize the role of culture and environment in shaping development, while life span perspective focuses on development across the entire lifespan.

Question 4

The theory that discusses the zone of proximal development is:

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development is a concept developed by Lev Vygotsky, which is a key component of the sociocultural theory.

Question 5

According to information-processing theorists, the quality of thinking at any age depends on:

Accepted Answer

Information-processing theorists believe that the quality of thinking is influenced by the ability to represent information, the operations that can be performed on it, and the capacity to hold information in mind simultaneously.

Question 6

In Freud's theory, the personality component that is the repository of the child's internalization of parental or societal values, morals, and roles is the:

Accepted Answer

The superego is the personality component that is the repository of the child's internalization of parental or societal values, morals, and roles.

Question 7

Which theoretical perspectives view development as continuous:

Accepted Answer

The learning, cognitive, and information processing perspectives view development as a continuous process, emphasizing gradual and ongoing changes.

Question 8

Contemporary social development scholars view the following as important contexts for studying development:

Accepted Answer

Contemporary social development scholars consider all these contexts—individuals, dyads, and triads—as important for understanding the complexities of social development.

Question 9

Transactional interactions involve:

Accepted Answer

Transactional interactions involve reciprocal determination, where individuals influence and are influenced by each other's behavior and actions.

Question 10

Which of the following is the final stage in psychosocial theory:

Accepted Answer

Integrity versus despair is the final stage in Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, occurring in late adulthood.

Question 11

Which of the following correctly orders the steps of the information processing model of social behavior:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following correctly orders the...

Question 12

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the primary task of adolescence is to develop:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's psychosocial theory posits that the primary task of adolescence is to develop a sense of identity, which involves exploring different roles and integrating them into a coherent self-concept.

Question 13

Social information-processing theory:

Accepted Answer

Social information-processing theory emphasizes the connection between cognitive processes and social behavior (A), is often criticized for not adequately considering emotional influences (B), and is sometimes seen as not fully addressing the automatic nature of many social interactions (C).

Question 14

A theory that explains a person's social behavior in terms of his or her assessment and evaluation of the social situation as a guide deciding on a course of social action is:

Accepted Answer

Social information processing theory focuses on how individuals process and evaluate social information to guide their social behavior and decision-making.

Question 15

Which theoretical perspectives view development as influenced by historical change:

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective emphasizes the impact of historical and cultural contexts on development, while the life span perspective considers how historical events and changes influence development across the entire life span.

Question 16

According to Bandura, self-efficacy comes from all of the following sources except:

Accepted Answer

Bandura's sources of self-efficacy include direct experience, observing others, and biological and affective reactions, but not broader cultural messages.

Question 17

Which personality component appears when the child accepts and absorbs parental or societal morals, values, and roles:

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the personality that incorporates the moral standards and values of parents and society, guiding the individual to act in socially acceptable ways.

Question 18

The zone of proximal development refers to:

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Vygotsky, which describes the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.

Question 19

Sociocultural theory suggests the following:

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural theory, primarily associated with Vygotsky, emphasizes that children learn through interactions with more knowledgeable members of their culture, and that cultural settings and practices are crucial in facilitating child development. Therefore, none of the given options accurately reflect the theory.

Question 20

Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is characterized by flexible and complex thinking, where one can think of abstract ideas and hypotheses:

Accepted Answer

The formal operations stage, according to Piaget, is where individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, logically, and systematically, allowing them to consider hypothetical situations and complex problems.

Quiz 1: Introduction: Theories of Social Development