The study by Aronson and Mills in which some college women were made to go through an embarrassing initiation ceremony in order to gain access to a discussion group:

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The study by Aronson and Mills demonstrated the phenomenon of effort justification, where individuals who undergo a difficult or embarrassing initiation process tend to value the group or outcome more highly, as seen in choice B. This concept has broader implications for understanding group dynamics and initiation practices across various social contexts, including fraternities and primitive societies, as mentioned in choice C.

The Study by Aronson and Mills in Which Some College