Question 1

According to Erikson, if Jerry passes through this current developmental stage successfully, he will learn to trust that his basic needs will be met.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that the first stage, trust versus mistrust, occurs from birth to approximately 18 months of age. In this stage, infants learn to trust that their caregivers will meet their basic needs. If caregivers provide reliable care and affection, the infant will develop a sense of trust; otherwise, they may develop mistrust towards people and the world.

Question 2

Erikson's stage of __________ is where children learn to be relatively self-sufficient in walking, talking, eating and other activities.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt is where children, typically between the ages of 18 months and 3 years, learn to master basic skills on their own such as walking, talking, and eating. This stage emphasizes the development of a sense of personal control and independence.

Question 3

The process of human development involving the acquisition of the sense of right and wrong:

Accepted Answer

Moral development specifically refers to the process through which individuals acquire values, behaviors, and thoughts about what is right and wrong. This aspect of development is crucial in understanding how people make ethical decisions and understand moral issues.

Question 4

In this psychosocial stage, children learn how to assert themselves in socially acceptable ways which allows them to have a sense of purpose.

Accepted Answer

In the initiative versus guilt stage, children are navigating their ability to initiate activities and interact with others, learning to assert themselves while understanding the boundaries of socially acceptable behavior. This development fosters a sense of purpose as they become more confident in their ability to create and lead actions.

Question 5

Mickey is an adolescent. According to Erikson's theory, which of the psychosocial crisis is Mickey facing?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, individuals like Mickey are in the stage of identity versus role confusion, according to Erikson's theory. This stage focuses on developing a sense of personal identity, which will continue to influence behavior and development through adulthood.

Question 6

The value that Jacki places on herself is called her:

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem refers to the value or worth that one assigns to oneself, which matches the description given in the question.

Question 7

Each of the eight stages of Erikson's theory is centered around

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory posits that each of the eight stages involves a psychosocial crisis or developmental crisis that individuals must navigate.

Question 8

Sixteen-year-old Fred has had a relatively smooth transition during adolescence so far. He has already chosen the college where his father attended and has decided on a career. It is likely that he is in the ______ of identity formation.

Accepted Answer

Fred's decision to follow in his father's footsteps without exploring other options suggests he is in the identity foreclosure phase, where commitments are made without self-exploration.

Question 9

According to Erik Erikson, during which stage do individuals come to terms with themselves and the meaning of their life?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's stage of integrity versus despair is where individuals reflect on their lives and come to terms with themselves and the meaning of their life, typically occurring in late adulthood.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT discussed in your text as a limitation of the theories of Erikson and Marcia?

Accepted Answer

Erikson and Marcia's theories have been criticized for a lack of solid empirical data and scientific testing, and Marcia's theory is seen as applicable to a limited aspect of the lifespan. However, both theories have contributed significantly to our understanding of development, making option C incorrect as it suggests otherwise.

Question 11

Joe has neither engaged in a search for identity nor committed to any significant aspects of an identity. He is probably in the ________ of identity formation.

Accepted Answer

Joe is in the identity diffusion phase, which is characterized by a lack of both exploration and commitment in terms of identity. This phase involves neither searching for identity nor making any commitments to particular aspects of one's identity.

Question 12

Seventeen-year-old James wants to explore different lifestyles and careers before he settles on who he is and where he wants to go. It is likely that James is in the ___________ of identity formation.

Accepted Answer

James is in the identity moratorium phase, which is characterized by exploring various options and commitments without having made a decision yet. This phase involves experimentation with different roles and possibilities.

Question 13

The process of human development involving the acquisition of the set of attributes that makes them unique is termed:

Accepted Answer

Personal development refers to the process through which individuals acquire attributes that contribute to their unique identity, encompassing aspects such as skills, attitudes, and abilities.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a reason the struggle for a sense of identity is so intense during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The struggle for a sense of identity during adolescence is primarily focused on the individual's own experiences, such as vocational decisions, cognitive changes, and physical development, rather than being directly influenced by their parents' life stages, such as midlife.

Question 15

Gracie never had children and she feels as though she has not made a meaningful contribution to the world through her career. According to Erikson, Gracie is experiencing the effects of stagnation. Into what age group does Gracie probably fit?

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, middle adulthood (ages approximately 40 to 65) is characterized by the psychosocial crisis of generativity vs. stagnation. Individuals in this stage seek to contribute to the next generation and feel they are making a meaningful contribution to society, often through parenting or their career. If they do not feel they are making such contributions, they may experience stagnation, as described in the scenario with Gracie.

Question 16

Psychosocial theory was proposed by

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson is known for his theory on the psychosocial development of human beings, which outlines eight stages that cover the entire lifespan, each characterized by a specific psychological struggle that contributes to a major aspect of personality.

Question 17

If Polly successfully completes this stage, her parents could expect that she will acquire a sense of competency in her work and so will engage successfully in her schoolwork.

Accepted Answer

This stage refers to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, specifically the "industry versus inferiority" stage, which occurs during childhood (around ages 6 to 11). Success in this stage leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.

Question 18

Chris has decided that he wants to be an engineer after considering many different jobs. He is probably in the __________ of identity formation.

Accepted Answer

Chris has made a decision after considering various options, which is characteristic of the identity achievement phase, where an individual has gone through a period of exploration and has made a commitment to a certain identity or role.

Question 19

Understanding which of the following is NOT mentioned in your text as a necessity of the expert teacher?

Accepted Answer

The text mentions moral, social, and personal development as necessities for the expert teacher, but does not mention gender development.

Question 20

Which of the following two identity statuses are the most favored in Western societies that place emphasis on individuality?

Accepted Answer

Achievement and moratorium are the most favored identity statuses in Western societies because they involve exploration and commitment (achievement) or are in the process of exploring (moratorium), aligning with the value placed on individuality and self-discovery.

Quiz 3: Personal, Gender, Social, and Moral Development