Question 1

Select the type of study most appropriate to the question
-Is Drug B superior to the currently used Drug A in treating pancreatitus?

Accepted Answer

A double-blind experiment is most appropriate for determining the superiority of Drug B over Drug A, as it minimizes bias by ensuring neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving which treatment, thus providing reliable and valid results.

Question 2

Data has been collected from a representative sample of a well-defined population to answer the question: "How much money does the average senior male at Normal Community High school have in his pockets at the end of the school day on Friday?" The next step in the study is to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Data has been collected from a representative...

Question 3

One month before a recall election, a poll of 500 Wisconsin voters showed that 46% planned to vote for the Democratic challenger Tom Barrett and 45% planned to vote for Republican governor Scott Walker. Undecided voters constituted another 9%. The margin of error was 5 percentage points. What conclusion can you draw from this poll?

Accepted Answer

The margin of error of 5 percentage points means that the actual support for each candidate could be 5 points higher or lower than the poll results. This makes the race too close to call, as the support for both candidates could overlap significantly.

Question 4

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter
-Based on a sample of 500 patients with high cholesterol, it was found that 67% have heart disease.

Accepted Answer

The value is a statistic because it is based on a sample of 500 patients, not the entire population.

Question 5

A nutritionist wants to conduct a study to validate the efficacy of an herb as an aid in weight loss. She randomly assigns half of a group of overweight persons to a treatment group who are given the herb with instructions for its use and a planned diet for six weeks. The other half of the group is given the same diet without the herb. A nurse at the nutrition center weighs each subject on Friday of each week. Select the potential source of confounding.

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect can be a source of confounding because participants in the control group might experience weight loss simply because they believe they are being treated, even though they are not receiving the herb.

Question 6

A survey of 100 dog owners showed that the average dog 'checked the mail' eleven times during an evening walk. Which question most probably represents the purpose of the study?

Accepted Answer

The study's purpose is likely to determine the average number of times dogs 'check the mail' during an evening walk, which aligns with option A.

Question 7

An investigation of 150 randomly selected local restaurants concluded that 42% of local restaurants have serious health code violations.

Accepted Answer

The sample refers to the 150 randomly selected local restaurants that were investigated, as opposed to the entire population of all local restaurants.

Question 8

Identify the type of sampling used
-A market researcher selects 300 female soccer players and 300 male soccer players.

Accepted Answer

The sampling method used is stratified sampling because the researcher divides the population into subgroups (strata) based on gender and then selects an equal number of individuals from each subgroup.

Question 9

Determine whether the statement is based on census data or sample data
-Among 50 of the total of 302 patients admitted to an emergency room during one month, 28% had no health insurance.

Accepted Answer

The statement is based on sample data because it refers to a subset (50 patients) of the total population (302 patients) to make a conclusion.

Question 10

Based on a randomly selected group of 500 patients with high cholesterol, it was found that 67% have heart disease.

Accepted Answer

The group of 500 patients is a sample because it is a subset of a larger population of all patients with high cholesterol.

Question 11

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter
-After taking the first exam, 15 of the students dropped the class.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Determine whether the given value is a...

Question 12

Is the study observational or experimental
-A clinic gives a drug to a group of ten patients and a placebo to another group of ten patients to find out if the drug has an effect on the patients' illness.

Accepted Answer

The study is experimental because the researchers are actively manipulating the independent variable (the drug) to see how it affects the dependent variable (the patients' illness).

Question 13

Determine whether the statement is based on census data or sample data
-A researcher surveyed every fifth male entering a florist's shop on the day before Mother's Day and found that 53% of them were married.

Accepted Answer

The statement is based on sample data because the researcher surveyed only a subset (every fifth male) of the entire population of males entering the shop.

Question 14

In a survey of 80 high school football players who committed to play in the Division III CCIW conference, 64 said that they would work out in their high school weight rooms in the summer before college. The margin of error for the survey was 6%. A census of all CCIW football players (not just freshmen) showed that 59% worked out at their high schools. One can conclude that

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a survey of 80 high school...

Question 15

Determine which evaluation guideline applies best in questioning the results of the described study
-A reading teacher wanted to know how many books her students read over the summer. She asked the local librarian to keep a record for her. The record showed that 7 students checked out a total of 60 books. At the first faculty meeting she reported that, on average, students in
Her class read 8.6 books over the summer.

Accepted Answer

The teacher's conclusion is based on a sample that may not be representative of the entire class, as it only includes students who checked out books from the local library.

Question 16

Is the study observational or experimental
-A quality control specialist compares the output from a machine with a new lubricant to the output of machines with the old lubricant.

Accepted Answer

The study is experimental because the quality control specialist is actively changing a variable (the lubricant) to observe its effect on the machine's output.

Question 17

A U.S. government report stated that, "With bank interest rates around 1.0%, 8% of wage earners believe it worthwhile to keep money in a savings account. However, at 3.0% interest, 36% of wage earners believe it worthwhile to keep money in a savings account. The margin of error for both studies is 4 percentage points.". A proper conclusion from the studies is that

Accepted Answer

The answer of A U.S. government report stated that, "With...

Question 18

Select the sample most representative of the population of interest
-A researcher wants to determine the status of the electorate one month before the presidential election. Select the sample most likely to produce biased data.

Accepted Answer

The group from the researcher's birding club is likely to be biased because it is not randomly selected and may not represent the broader electorate's views.

Question 19

Identify the type of sampling used
-A researcher interviews the first 19 work colleagues who work in his building as they left work.

Accepted Answer

The researcher is using convenience sampling by interviewing the first 19 colleagues he encounters, which is based on ease of access rather than a random or structured method.

Question 20

Select the sample most representative of the population of interest
-An employer wanted to determine the importance of health insurance as a benefit to employees.

Accepted Answer

A group of thirty employees of the company is most representative because it directly includes individuals who are currently employed by the company and would be directly affected by the health insurance benefits offered.

Quiz 1: Speaking of Statistics

Select the type of study most appropriate to the question -Is Drug B superior to the currently used Drug A in treating pancreatitus?

Data has been collected from a representative sample of a well-defined population to answer the question: "How much money does the average senior male at Normal Community High school have in his pockets at the end of the school day on Friday?" The next step in the study is to

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter -Based on a sample of 500 patients with high cholesterol, it was found that 67% have heart disease.

A survey of 100 dog owners showed that the average dog 'checked the mail' eleven times during an evening walk. Which question most probably represents the purpose of the study?

An investigation of 150 randomly selected local restaurants concluded that 42% of local restaurants have serious health code violations.

Identify the type of sampling used -A market researcher selects 300 female soccer players and 300 male soccer players.

Determine whether the statement is based on census data or sample data -Among 50 of the total of 302 patients admitted to an emergency room during one month, 28% had no health insurance.

Based on a randomly selected group of 500 patients with high cholesterol, it was found that 67% have heart disease.

Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter -After taking the first exam, 15 of the students dropped the class.

Is the study observational or experimental -A clinic gives a drug to a group of ten patients and a placebo to another group of ten patients to find out if the drug has an effect on the patients' illness.

Determine whether the statement is based on census data or sample data -A researcher surveyed every fifth male entering a florist's shop on the day before Mother's Day and found that 53% of them were married.

Is the study observational or experimental -A quality control specialist compares the output from a machine with a new lubricant to the output of machines with the old lubricant.

Select the sample most representative of the population of interest -A researcher wants to determine the status of the electorate one month before the presidential election. Select the sample most likely to produce biased data.

Identify the type of sampling used -A researcher interviews the first 19 work colleagues who work in his building as they left work.

Select the sample most representative of the population of interest -An employer wanted to determine the importance of health insurance as a benefit to employees.