Question 1

We spend about ____% of our sleep time in stages three and four.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Since Ambien has a shorter half life than Restoril, it is more likely to wear-off by morning.

Accepted Answer

Ambien has a half-life of around 2-3 hours, while Restoril has a half-life of 10-20 hours. Therefore, it is more likely for Ambien to wear off by morning compared to Restoril.

Question 3

Narcolepsy is typically treated with stimulants and often ________.

Accepted Answer

Provigil (modafinil) and Nuvigil (armodafinil) are medications commonly used to treat narcolepsy by promoting wakefulness.

Question 4

Which does not belong with the others:

Accepted Answer

Ambien is the only one in the list that is not a benzodiazepine; it is a non-benzodiazepine sleep medication.

Question 5

Benzos are safe to use and may be used for months without any real concerns for tolerance.

Accepted Answer

Benzos can cause tolerance, dependence, and potential withdrawal symptoms even with short-term use. Long-term use can also increase the risk of cognitive decline and increase the chances of falls and accidents. Therefore, they should be used cautiously and under a healthcare provider's guidance.

Question 6

Long-term usage of melatonin may worsen a patient's depression.

Accepted Answer

Although melatonin is generally considered safe for short-term use, its long-term usage may lead to a worsening of depression symptoms. Studies suggest that regular use of melatonin supplements may disrupt the natural production of the hormone in the body, leading to a decrease in overall melatonin levels and potential adverse effects on mood and mental health. It is recommended that patients with depression or other mental health conditions consult with a healthcare provider before taking melatonin supplements, especially on a long-term basis.

Question 7

For patients with only occasional problems with sleep, they should consider:

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (warm milk, OTC sleep aids like Tylenol PM or Sominex, and Benadryl) can be considered for occasional sleep problems. Warm milk has long been a traditional remedy for sleeplessness, while Tylenol PM, Sominex, and Benadryl contain antihistamines that can induce drowsiness.

Question 8

Patients with only terminal insomnia are more likely to have an affective disorder, as opposed to an anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

Terminal insomnia, also known as late insomnia, is difficulty staying asleep and waking up early in the morning. Studies have shown that patients with terminal insomnia are more likely to have depression or other affective disorders rather than anxiety disorders.

Question 9

Which of the following is not considered a benzodiazepine:

Accepted Answer

Doral, Klonopin, and ProSom are all benzodiazepines commonly used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Sonata, while it is a sedative hypnotic like benzodiazepines, is actually a nonbenzodiazepine and belongs to a different class of drugs known as the Z-drugs.

Question 10

A mask-like devise is used by patients with OSA. It is called a ______ machine.

Accepted Answer

A CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) machine is used by patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) to keep their airways open during sleep.

Question 11

GHB or Xyrem has been shown to improve sleep cycles.

Accepted Answer

GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), marketed as Xyrem, is used to treat narcolepsy and has been shown to improve sleep cycles by increasing slow-wave sleep and reducing daytime sleepiness.

Question 12

Sleepwalking and night terror are typically seen in approximately what percentage of the child population.

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking and night terrors are relatively common in children, with about 10% of the child population experiencing these sleep disturbances at some point.

Question 13

Kava may be associated with liver damage in long-term usage.

Accepted Answer

Long-term usage of kava has been associated with liver damage, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure in several documented cases. Therefore, caution should be exercised while using kava for extended periods of time or in high doses.

Question 14

In a study of more than 1,000 people, 56% reported problems with initial insomnia.

Accepted Answer

The statement is a factual claim about a study's findings, which can be true if the study's data supports it.

Question 15

In the study mentioned in the text, what percentage of the patients with middle of the night insomnia also reported daytime fatigue?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the study mentioned in the text,...

Question 16

Serotonin is necessary to help maintain sleep.

Accepted Answer

Serotonin plays a role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and is necessary for maintaining sleep. Low levels of serotonin have been associated with sleep disorders such as insomnia.

Question 17

About 50% of our time is spent in stages 1 and 2.

Accepted Answer

According to sleep research, about 50% of our sleep time is spent in stages 1 and 2, which are the lighter stages of sleep. The other 50% is divided among stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep) and REM (dream) sleep.

Question 18

A typical dose of Sonata is 100 mg qhs.

Accepted Answer

The typical dose of Sonata (zaleplon) is usually 5 mg or 10 mg taken at bedtime (qhs), not 100 mg.

Question 19

Benedryl can be used to induce sleep in intermittent cases.

Accepted Answer

Benedryl is an antihistamine medication that can cause drowsiness, making it a common over-the-counter option for those who need help falling asleep. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and not rely on it as a long-term solution for sleep problems.

Question 20

There are three distinct stages of sleep.

Accepted Answer

There are four distinct stages of sleep: three stages of non-REM (NREM) sleep and one stage of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.

Quiz 10: Treatment of Cognitive Disorders