Question 1

Cognitively based attitude is to _______ as _______ attitude is to emotion.

Accepted Answer

Cognitively based attitude refers to the attitude formed as a result of one's beliefs, thoughts, and judgements about an object or situation. On the other hand, affectively based attitude is formed based on one's emotions and feelings towards an object or situation. In this context, appraising an object aligns with the concepts of beliefs and thoughts that form cognitive-based attitudes, while affectively based attitudes align with emotions.

Question 2

Lisa is studying attitudes towards former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.She finds that in general most people have very negative attitudes about Mulroney and she wants to understand why people hold these attitudes and what can be done about them.If she wants to know your true attitude towards Mulroney and she can only ask you one question,which question should she ask?

Accepted Answer

Asking if Mulroney's policies align with the person's values would give Lisa the most insight into their attitude towards him. This question goes beyond personal opinions or appearance and focuses on the individual's beliefs and ideals, which are likely to be the driving force behind their attitude towards Mulroney.

Question 3

Kenneth believes that Funny-O's cereal is good because it has no sugar,it contains all of the recommended vitamins and minerals,and it has no artificial flavors.Kenneth's attitude toward Funny-O's is a(n)

Accepted Answer

Kenneth's attitude is based on his cognitive evaluation of the cereal's characteristics, such as its lack of sugar, inclusion of recommended vitamins and minerals, and lack of artificial flavors. This shows that his attitude is cognitively based.

Question 4

Fear-arousing persuasive messages are targeted to the _______ basis of attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Fear-arousing persuasive messages target the affective basis of attitudes because they aim to evoke an emotional response from the audience, influencing their attitudes through feelings of fear or concern.

Question 5

At the new-car dealership,Josh asks the saleswoman a number of questions: "How good is the gas mileage on this model? What does Consumer Reports say about this make and model? Does this car hold its resale value?" The _______ component of Josh's attitude toward the car was most likely to inform his questions.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive component of attitude pertains to the beliefs, thoughts and knowledge one has about an object or concept. In this scenario, Josh's questions about gas mileage, Consumer Reports and resale value highlight his cognitive evaluation about the car. These questions seek to gather information and make a rational judgment about the car's value and merits. Thus, option C is the correct answer.

Question 6

In all likelihood,attitudes toward _______ are affectively based and stem from _______.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes towards the death penalty are likely affectively based and stem from people's values. Attitudes towards instant coffee, toilet paper, and cleaning products are unlikely to be affectively based and are more likely to stem from a logical examination of the facts or instrumental conditioning. Attitudes towards abortion may have a mix of affective and cognitive components.

Question 7

Most social psychologists concur that attitudes consist of

Accepted Answer

Evaluations are a central component of attitudes, representing the positive or negative feelings that individuals hold towards an object, person, or issue.

Question 8

André is not at all familiar with a particular candidate's stand on the issues or with his proposed policies,but André likes "his" candidate and plans to vote for him anyway.This example illustrates that people's attitudes toward politicians are often

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates that André's attitude toward the candidate is primarily affectively based, meaning he likes the candidate for emotional reasons rather than rational ones.

Question 9

Consider the lyrics to Smokey Robinson's song,"You've Really Got a Hold on Me": "I don't like you,but I love you.Seems that I'm always thinking of you.You treat me badly,I love you madly.You've really got a hold on me." The sentiments reflected in these lyrics best capture the _______ component of the singer's attitude.

Accepted Answer

The lyrics express a strong emotional attachment and contradictory feelings towards the subject, indicating an affective component of the singer's attitude.

Question 10

Miguel recaptures the freedom of his youth when he test-drives the new Volkswagen "bug." He feels 25 years younger and remembers cruising the beaches of California in his old 1970 bug when he was in college.He decides to purchase that new VW model.Miguel's positive attitude toward the car is primarily driven by

Accepted Answer

Miguel's positive attitude toward the car is primarily based on his emotions or affective component, as he recaptures the feeling of freedom and youth when he test-drives the new Volkswagen "bug."

Question 11

Why are affectively based attitudes so resistant to logical persuasive attempts to change them?

Accepted Answer

Affectively based attitudes are often deeply intertwined with an individual's values and emotional experiences, making them resistant to change through logical or rational persuasion. These attitudes are less about the facts of the matter and more about how the issue makes the person feel, which is why appealing to logic or reason often fails to sway someone's opinion if it is rooted in affect.

Question 12

Rachel recently tried sushi for the first time.Now,she finds herself eating it regularly.Since she eats it all the time,she decides that sushi must be her favourite meal.Rachel's attitude toward sushi is a(n)_______ attitude.

Accepted Answer

Rachel's attitude toward sushi is considered behaviourally based because it is inferred from her consistent behaviour of eating sushi regularly, rather than being primarily derived from her beliefs, values, or feelings about sushi.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

"I guess I like junk food, because I'm always eating it" represents a behaviourally based attitude because it is based on the person's past behavior or experiences with junk food. Options A, B, D, and E are all based on affective or cognitive factors.

Question 14

The function of cognitively based attitudes is

Accepted Answer

Cognitively based attitudes are primarily concerned with the beliefs about the properties of an attitude object, which is essentially an appraisal or evaluation of the object's attributes.

Question 15

Although affectively based attitudes can be derived from a number of different sources,they are alike in that they tend to be

Accepted Answer

Affectively based attitudes tend to be linked to deeply held values, emotions, and feelings rather than rational arguments or examination of information. Past experiences may also play a role in shaping affectively based attitudes. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate answer.

Question 16

The introduction to Chapter 6 describes the strange logic manifested by members of the Solar Temple Cult,who thought the world was about to be destroyed by fire and that the only salvation was to take a "death voyage" by ritualized suicide to the star Sirius where they would be reborn.In total,74 people died in these cult suicides.This chapter introduction was written to demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

The introduction to the chapter describes the extreme and irrational beliefs of the Solar Temple Cult and how their members justified their actions through their belief system. This serves as an example of how people can go to extreme lengths to justify their actions or beliefs.

Question 17

Attitudes are viewed by social psychologists as evaluative,in that they

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are evaluative in nature, meaning they involve positive or negative reactions to something. They are not necessarily based on personal feelings and values, environmental data, objective facts, or fleeting feelings, although these factors may influence attitudes to some extent.

Question 18

The _______ component of attitudes is to emotional reactions as the _______ component is to knowledge and beliefs.

Accepted Answer

The affective component of attitudes refers to emotional reactions, while the cognitive component refers to knowledge and beliefs. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A and E are incorrect because they both use the term evaluative, which refers to the overall evaluation of an object, rather than the specific emotional or cognitive component. Choice B is incorrect because the term affective, not behavioural, is the one that refers to emotional reactions, and choice C is incorrect because the cognitive component, not the behavioural component, refers to knowledge and beliefs.

Question 19

It is estimated that one-third of the electorate knows almost nothing about specific politicians.Nonetheless,these people hold very strong opinions about them.This pattern of findings suggests that people's attitudes toward politicians may be largely

Accepted Answer

The fact that people who know almost nothing about specific politicians still hold strong opinions about them suggests that their attitudes are based on emotions and feelings rather than an informed evaluation of the politicians' actions or policies. This aligns with the definition of affective attitudes as those based on emotions and evaluations of positive or negative feelings.

Question 20

_______ attitudes are based primarily on people's beliefs about properties of attitude objects.

Accepted Answer

Cognitively based attitudes are those that are based primarily on people's beliefs and knowledge about the properties of an attitude object. These attitudes are often formed through a rational evaluation of the object's features and benefits. In contrast, emotionally based attitudes are formed through emotional experiences and instincts, while evaluatively based attitudes are formed through learned values and experiences. Affectively based attitudes are formed through emotional associations, and intention-based attitudes reflect an individual's intention to perform a certain behavior.

Quiz 6: Attitudes and Attitude Change

Cognitively based attitude is to _ as _ attitude is to emotion.