Question 1

Erich Fromm (1955)wrote,"Love is often nothing but a favourable exchange between two people who get the most of what they can expect,considering their value on the personality market." Although a bit cynical,this description of friendship is most compatible with the _______ theory of attraction.

Accepted Answer

Erich Fromm's quote suggests that people view relationships in terms of a social exchange, where they weigh the potential benefits and costs of being in a relationship with someone. This is consistent with the social exchange theory of attraction, which posits that individuals evaluate their relationships based on the benefits they receive relative to the costs they incur. Therefore, the best choice is A) social exchange.

Question 2

Carla is involved in a romantic relationship with Jack.Her costs of the relationship are relatively low and her rewards are very high with this relationship.However,Carla has recently met Ted and she believes that he could offer her a relationship with even higher rewards than Jack.According to social exchange theory,Carla is likely to

Accepted Answer

Social exchange theory suggests that individuals seek to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs in relationships. Since Carla perceives a potential relationship with Ted to offer even higher rewards than her current relationship with Jack, she is likely to pursue the relationship with Ted, which offers her the best perceived benefit.

Question 3

Social exchange theory posits that relationship satisfaction depends on our perceptions of the rewards and cost associated with the relationship,what kind of relationship we believe we deserve,and whether

Accepted Answer

Social exchange theory suggests that relationship satisfaction is influenced by comparing the current relationship to potential alternatives, assessing if a relationship with someone else might be more rewarding.

Question 4

_______ theory posits that relationship satisfaction is determined by people's perceptions of costs and rewards,their beliefs about what kind of relationship they deserve,and their estimated chances of a better alternative relationship.

Accepted Answer

The description fits the social exchange theory, which suggests that individuals assess the rewards and costs of a relationship, their perceived alternative options, and their expectations of what they deserve, to determine their overall satisfaction with the relationship. The other answer choices do not encompass all of these elements.

Question 5

Eighteen-year-old Anne has a secure attachment with her parents and friends.In her first romantic relationship she seems anxious and insecure about her relationship with her new boyfriend.What do theories on multiple attachment styles predict for Anne's relationship?

Accepted Answer

Theories on multiple attachment styles predict that individuals may have different attachment styles in different relationships, based on their past experiences and current situations. Anne's secure attachment with her parents and friends suggests that she is capable of having a secure attachment style in romantic relationships as well. As she gets more comfortable in her new relationship, it is likely that her attachment style will become more secure.

Question 6

French essayist Francois La Rochefoucauld once defined friendship as "a scheme for the mutual exchange of personal advantages and favours." Although a bit cynical,this description of friendship is most compatible with the _______ theory of attraction.

Accepted Answer

The definition of friendship given by Francois La Rochefoucauld emphasizes the mutual exchange of personal advantages and favors, which is a central idea of the social exchange theory. This theory suggests that people form relationships based on the benefits they receive from them and that individuals will continue to engage in a relationship as long as the benefits outweigh the costs. In this case, the definition of friendship as a "scheme for the mutual exchange" strongly suggests that it aligns with the social exchange theory.

Question 7

Although Vanessa's relationship with James provides relatively few rewards compared to the costs,Vanessa has come to expect that most relationships are difficult and costly.Thus,because Vanessa holds a _______,she is unlikely to abandon her relationship with James.

Accepted Answer

Vanessa has a low comparison level, meaning she has low expectations for what a relationship should provide in terms of rewards versus costs. This makes her more likely to stay in a relationship that is not very rewarding.

Question 8

According to social exchange theory,_______ refers to people's expectations about the rewards and punishments they deserve in a particular relationship.

Accepted Answer

According to social exchange theory, comparison level refers to people's expectations about the rewards and punishments they deserve in a particular relationship. This comparison level is based on their past experiences and the norms and standards of their social group. It determines whether they feel satisfied or dissatisfied with the relationship, based on whether the rewards they are receiving are equal to or greater than their expectations.

Question 9

The basic concepts of social exchange theory address

Accepted Answer

Social exchange theory is based on the idea that relationships are formed and maintained based on an individual's evaluation of the rewards and costs, the outcomes of the interaction compared to expectations (comparison level), and how these outcomes compare to possible alternatives.

Question 10

Which of the following relationship researchers takes a developmental perspective in trying to understand the causes of love?

Accepted Answer

Professor Archimedes, who studies mother-infant attachment patterns, takes a developmental perspective in trying to understand the causes of love. This perspective focuses on how early attachment experiences with caregivers shape individuals' attachment styles and influence their ability to form healthy relationships later in life.

Question 11

According to research on attachment styles,which of the following does NOT accurately describe the way people deal with problems in a relationship?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant partners actually tend to use task-centred coping strategies, not emotion-focused strategies.

Question 12

_______ is to one's current partner as _______ is to a possible future partner.

Accepted Answer

The comparison level for alternatives refers to a person's assessment of how desirable alternative partners or relationships may be, while the comparison level refers to a person's expectations and standards for their current partner. Therefore, choice D accurately represents the relationship between these two concepts in the context of romantic relationships.

Question 13

Ellen is not concerned about Alex abandoning her and believes that she is worthy and well liked.Alex,however,is anxious and concerned that Ellen will not reciprocate his desire for intimacy.According to this scenario,Ellen has a(n)_______ attachment style and Alex has a(n)_______ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Ellen's belief that she is worthy and well liked suggests a secure attachment style, while Alex's anxiety and concern about intimacy suggest an anxious/ambivalent attachment style.

Question 14

Melanie doesn't find it easy to trust other people and says that she "doesn't need anybody." In all likelihood,Melanie's _______ attachment style can be traced to a caregiver who _______.

Accepted Answer

Melanie's lack of trust and belief that she doesn't need anyone suggests an avoidant attachment style. This type of attachment style commonly develops when a caregiver is aloof and distant. The other options do not fit with Melanie's behavior and beliefs.

Question 15

"I find that others are reluctant to get as close to me as I would like them to.I often have dreams that my husband doesn't love me like he used to and that he leaves me unexpectedly.I guess I have this need to lose myself in the person I love,and this sometimes scares them away." A person who is _______ attached most likely wrote those words.

Accepted Answer

The person described in the statement is exhibiting signs of anxious attachment, as evidenced by their fear of abandonment, desire for intense emotional closeness, and tendency to worry that their partner's feelings for them are diminishing.

Question 16

Carolyn believes that she is worthy and well liked.According to attachment theorists,what is the most likely reason for this?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carolyn believes that she is worthy and...

Question 17

Cliff believes that his relationship with Kristi provides many rewards and few costs.Cliff considers himself fortunate,because he does not believe that he can get nearly as good an outcome with anyone else.Cliff can be described as having a _______ comparison level and a _______ comparison level for alternatives.

Accepted Answer

Cliff's belief that his relationship with Kristi provides many rewards and few costs suggests a high comparison level (CL) for his current relationship. Moreover, his belief that he cannot get nearly as good an outcome with anyone else suggests a low comparison level for alternatives (CLalt). Therefore, the best choice is C, high CL and low CLalt.

Question 18

Betty longs for an intimate relationship,but has been hurt before and is afraid that she will be hurt again if she lets herself trust someone.According to the text,Betty

Accepted Answer

Betty's fear of getting hurt again suggests that she has a fearful-avoidant attachment style. People with this attachment style tend to have conflicting feelings about relationships; they crave intimacy but fear getting hurt or rejected, leading them to avoid or distance themselves from potential partners.

Question 19

In her investment model of close relationships,what does Caryl Rusbult (1983)categorize as an investment?

Accepted Answer

Rusbult's investment model categorizes investments as any inputs into a relationship that would be lost if one left that relationship. These can include time, energy, shared memories, mutual friends, and emotional support, among others.

Question 20

Brian has had many girlfriends in his life,mostly because he feels unable to comfortably commit to any one person.As soon as a relationship begins to get serious,he feels trapped and puts up barriers to his partner.His girlfriends always want him to make a bigger commitment than he is comfortable making._______ best describes Brian's attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Brian's behavior of putting up barriers and feeling trapped when a relationship becomes serious is characteristic of avoidant attachment style. People with avoidant attachment style often struggle with commitment and can become distant or unavailable when their partner wants a closer relationship.

Quiz 9: Interpersonal Attraction

Erich Fromm (1955) wrote,"Love is often nothing but a favourable exchange between two people who get the most of what they can expect,considering their value on the personality market." Although a bit cynical,this description of friendship is most compatible with the _______ theory of attraction.