Question 1

Typically,the researcher works with several variables or questions in the survey that are related either by the research objectives or logically.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Researchers often design surveys with multiple variables or questions that are either related to the research objectives or connected to each other logically. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of the research problem and helps to answer the research questions more completely.

Question 2

Population estimation is the process of using sample information to compute an interval that describes the range of a population such as the parameter mean(?)or the parameter percentage(?).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Population estimation is the process of using...

Question 3

A frequency distribution is an accounting of the occurrences of values in a set,quickly communicates all the different values in the set,and expresses how similar the values are.

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution presents the occurrences of values in a set and can help us understand how similar or diverse the values are. It is a useful tool for analyzing data in various fields such as statistics, economics, and psychology.

Question 4

Non-scale data are summarized with the following descriptive measures: average,median,mode,standard deviation,minimum,and maximum.

Accepted Answer

Non-scale data cannot be measured or compared using an equal interval. Hence, descriptive measures like average, standard deviation, and others are not applicable. Only qualitative measures like mode, median, minimum, and maximum can be used in non-scale data.

Question 5

It is the researcher's responsibility to build tables or other presentation methods,such as graphs,to efficiently and effectively communicate the basic findings to a manager.

Accepted Answer

Yes, it is the responsibility of the researcher to present the findings in a clear, organized and easy-to-understand format to the manager. This can be done through tables, graphs, or other presentation methods depending on the type of data and target audience.

Question 6

In parameter estimation,the sample statistic is usually a mean or a percentage.

Accepted Answer

In parameter estimation, the sample statistic can be any measure that summarizes the sample data and is used to estimate a population parameter. This can include means, percentages, medians, standard deviations, among others.

Question 7

All measures of variability are concerned with depicting the"typical"difference between the values in a set of values.

Accepted Answer

Measures of variability, such as range, variance, and standard deviation, quantify the extent of differences or spread among values in a dataset, indicating how much they deviate from the typical or average value.

Question 8

Whenever a probability sample is drawn from a population,it is not enough to simply report the sample's descriptive statistics,for these measures contain a certain degree of error due to the sampling process.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. When a probability sample is drawn from a population, the descriptive statistics of the sample may contain a certain degree of error due to the sampling process. This is why researchers use inferential statistics to make inferences about the population based on the sample data.

Question 9

A frequency distribution and mode are inappropriate for nominal scales.

Accepted Answer

Nominal scales categorize data without a specific order, and a frequency distribution can show how often each category occurs, while the mode identifies the most frequent category, making both applicable and appropriate for nominal scales.

Question 10

Computer statistical programs cannot distinguish the level of measurement of various questions.Consequently,it is necessary for the analyst to discern the level of measurement and to select the correct procedure(s).

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. It is important for the analyst to identify the level of measurement of the variables in order to select the appropriate statistical procedures for data analysis.

Question 11

Two types of statistical inference are parameter estimation and hypothesis tests.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Parameter estimation involves using sample data to estimate unknown population parameters, while hypothesis testing involves using sample data to test a hypothesis about a population parameter.

Question 12

Marketing researchers often rely on the standard deviation when performing basic analyses,and never report it in their tables.

Accepted Answer

Marketing researchers commonly report the standard deviation in their tables as it provides important information about the variability in their data.

Question 13

The range also does not tell you how often the maximum and minimum occurred,but it does provide some information on the dispersion by indicating how far apart the extremes are found.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The range only tells you the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set, but it does not indicate how often these extremes occur. However, it does provide some information on the spread or dispersion of the data by showing how far apart the extremes are located.

Question 14

Statistical inference is based on sample size and variability,which then will determine the amount of sampling error.

Accepted Answer

Sample size and variability are important factors in statistical inference as they affect the amount of sampling error. A larger sample size generally reduces sampling error, while greater variability tends to increase it. Thus, statistical inference is heavily dependent on these two factors.

Question 15

The range provides the same amount of information supplied by a frequency distribution.

Accepted Answer

The range only tells us the difference between the highest and lowest value in a set of data. A frequency distribution provides information on how often each value occurs in the data set. Therefore, a frequency distribution provides more information than just the range.

Question 16

The squaring operation in the standard deviation formula is used to enable the cancellation effect.

Accepted Answer

The squaring operation in the standard deviation formula is used to ensure that all differences from the mean are positive, preventing positive and negative deviations from canceling each other out.

Question 17

The standard deviation embodies the properties of a bell-shaped distribution of values.

Accepted Answer

This is true. The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out a distribution of values is from its mean. In a normal distribution (which is bell-shaped), the standard deviation can be used to determine the percentage of values within different ranges from the mean, such as one standard deviation above or below the mean, two standard deviations above or below the mean, etc.

Question 18

As a general rule,statistical measures that communicate the most information should be used with scales that contain the most information;measures that communicate the least information should be used with scales that contain the least information.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true as it is important to match the appropriate statistical measure with the appropriate scale to ensure that the most informative results are obtained. For example, using a mean or standard deviation on a nominal scale would be meaningless as there is no natural ordering or numerical interpretation to the categories. In this case, a mode or frequency count would be more appropriate as they communicate the most information for this type of scale.

Question 19

Statistics are population values,whereas parameters are corresponding sample values.

Accepted Answer

Statistics are sample values, whereas parameters are corresponding population values.

Question 20

If standard deviation is small,distribution is greatly compressed.With a large standard deviation value,the distribution is consequently stretched out at both ends.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean. A small standard deviation means that the data points are clustered closely around the mean, resulting in a narrow distribution. A large standard deviation means that the data points are more spread out, resulting in a wider distribution that is stretched out at both ends.

Quiz 12: Using Basic Descriptive Analysis Performing Population Estimates and Testing Hypotheses