Question 1

Laura was driving home from school and she stopped at an intersection. She looked to her left and right for on coming cars and then made a left turn, pulling out right in front of a motorcycle. Even though she looked in that direction, she failed to see the motorcycle, likely because she was looking only for cars. Her inability to see the motorcycle is a phenomenon known as:

Accepted Answer

Inattentional blindness refers to the phenomenon where a person fails to perceive an unexpected stimulus because their attention is focused on something else. In this case, Laura was looking for cars and did not see the motorcycle because she was not expecting it.

Question 2

This image depicts the sleep cycles over the course of a typica lnight. In which stage are night terrors most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

This image depicts key components involved in regulating your internal biological clock. Which letter indicates the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master pacemaker of our internal biological clock. It is located in the hypothalamus of the brain and receives information about light and darkness through the optic nerve (C) from the eyes. The SCN then sends signals to other regions of the brain and body, including the pineal gland (A), to regulate the release of hormones, such as melatonin, that affect our sleep-wake cycle.

Question 4

This image depicts three of the key components involved inregulating your internal biological clock. Pick the alternative that correctly labels the structures in the drawing.

Accepted Answer

1 is the pineal gland, 2 is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (located in the hypothalamus), and 3 is the optic nerve which carries information from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus to help regulate the biological clock.

Question 5

Who is this person and for what is he known in the study of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is this person and for what...

Question 6

This image depicts key components involved in regulating your internal biological clock. Which structure manufactures melatonin?

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland is responsible for manufacturing and secreting melatonin, which helps regulate sleep/wake cycles and other biological rhythms.

Question 7

-This image depicts the sleep cycles over the course of a typical night. In which stage are hypnagogic hallucinations most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of 
-This image depicts the sleep cycles over...

Question 8

_____ is the capacity to selectively focus senses and awarenes son particular stimuli or aspects of the environment.

Accepted Answer

Attention is the ability to selectively focus on particular stimuli or aspects of the environment. Consciousness refers to the state of being awake and aware, while awareness is the general knowledge or perception of a situation or fact. Rehearsal is the repetition of information to remember it better.

Question 9

Because attention is limited in capacity, we tend to:

Accepted Answer

Attention is limited in capacity, which means that we cannot attend to all the sensory stimuli in our environment equally. We tend to focus on information that is most relevant to our immediate or long-term goals, which helps us filter out irrelevant information and avoid getting overwhelmed. This is known as selective attention.

Question 10

-This image depicts the sleep cycles over the course of a typical night. In which stage does the brain become much more active,and heart rate, blood pressure, and respirations shift up and down, sometimes extremely?

Accepted Answer

During REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the brain becomes much more active, and physiological changes such as fluctuations in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration occur.

Question 11

Yair failed to notice when his girl friend Lena got her hair cut because he wasn't paying attention to her hair. Not noticing that Lena cut her hair is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Change blindness refers to the phenomenon in which an individual fails to notice a change that occurs right in front of their eyes because they are not paying attention to it. In this case, Yair did not notice Lena's haircut because he was not paying attention to her hair.

Question 12

-This image depicts the sleep cycles over the course of a typical night. In which stage is sleep walking most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking is most likely to occur during stage 4 NREM sleep, which is the deepest stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep.

Question 13

Dr. Castro is at a faculty party and is attentively listening toDr. Chavez talk about her latest research on selective attention when Dr. Castro suddenly becomes aware of someone else mentioning his name on the other side of the room. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is known as the cocktail party effect, which refers to the brain's ability to selectively attend to one conversation or stimulus while filtering out other irrelevant stimuli. In this case, Dr. Castro was able to focus on Dr. Chavez's conversation until he heard his name mentioned from across the room, showing how our attention can shift based on certain cues. Inattentional blindness refers to the failure to notice an unexpected stimulus in our visual field, while change blindness refers to the difficulty people have in detecting changes in a scene when they are introduced gradually. Mindfulness is a term used to describe a state of non-judgmental awareness of one's thoughts, feelings and sensations in the present moment.

Question 14

-This image depicts the sleep cycles over the course of a typica lnight. In which stage do delta brain waves exceed 50 percentof total brain activity?

Accepted Answer

Stage 4 NREM sleep is characterized by delta brain waves exceeding 50 percent of total brain activity, indicating deep sleep.

Question 15

Which of the following statements best explains why consciousness has been viewed as a "stream" or "river?"

Accepted Answer

The concept of consciousness as a "stream" or "river" refers to the idea that although the contents of consciousness are constantly changing, we subjectively experience consciousness as being continuous and unbroken. This is similar to the way a stream or river appears to be a continuous, unbroken flow of water, even though the water molecules themselves are constantly changing and moving downstream.

Question 16

Magicians exploit a phenomenon known as _____, which occurs when we fail to notice something in our clear field of view because our limited attentional resources are devoted to another task or object in the environment.

Accepted Answer

Inattentional blindness refers to the failure of noticing something in our field of view because our limited attentional resources are focused on another object or task in our environment. This phenomenon is often utilized by magicians to create illusions and misdirect the audience's attention.

Question 17

In a now classic study by Simons and Chabris (1999),participants watched two teams pass a basketball to their teammates. One team was wearing white shirts and the other team was wearing black shirts. Participants are told to counthow many times the team wearing the white shirts passed the basketball, thereby directing their attention to the white shirts and ignoring the black shirts. Interestingly, more than half ofthe participants failed to notice when a man wearing a black gorilla suit walked right past the two teams. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the study by Simons and Chabris is known as inattentional blindness, which refers to the failure to notice unexpected visual stimuli when focused on a particular task or stimulus. In this case, participants were so focused on counting the passes made by the team wearing white shirts that they did not notice the man in the gorilla suit walking through the scene.

Question 18

-This image depicts the sleep cycles over the course of a typical night. In which stage are K-complexes and sleep spindles most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

K-complexes and sleep spindles are characteristic features of stage 2 NREM sleep.

Question 19

As you are taking this test right now, you are aware of your thoughts, sensations, memories, and different aspects of thesurrounding environment. Collectively, this awareness is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Consciousness refers to our awareness of our thoughts, sensations, memories, and the environment around us. Dissociation refers to a potential separation or disconnection between these aspects of consciousness, while hypnagogic perception and delta brain wave activity are specific aspects or states of consciousness.

Question 20

Of the famous statements listed below, which one did this person make?

Accepted Answer

The statement "The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind" was made by Sigmund Freud, who is famous for his work on psychoanalysis and dream interpretation.

Quiz 4: Consciousness and Its Variations