Question 1

If the child indicated in the third photo that the tall narrow beaker still contains the same amount of liquid as the short wide beaker, it would indicate that she is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

If the child indicated in the third photo that the tall narrow beaker contained more liquid than the short wide beaker, it would indicate thatshe is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children in the preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7) cannot yet understand conservation, which is the principle that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its appearance changes. Therefore, they may be easily fooled by changes in appearance, such as the shape of a container, and mistakenly believe that the taller, narrower beaker contains more liquid than the shorter, wider beaker. This is known as centration, where the child focuses on only one aspect of a situation and ignores other important factors.

Question 3

This drawing depicts some of the key structures involved in the biological basis of heredity. After studying the image, identify the letter that labels deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Developmental psychologists divide the lifespan into:

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists divide the lifespan into eight age-related stages of development, including prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.

Question 5

The task that this child is doing was developed by _____ to see if the child understands _____.

Accepted Answer

The task is not specified, but the options suggest it could be about understanding conservation, object permanence, the zone of proximal development, or secure attachment. Of these options, only Jean Piaget is associated with the concept of conservation, which refers to the understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even when its shape changes. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 6

This drawing depicts some of the key structures involved in the biological basis of heredity. After studying the image, identifythe letter that labels a gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This drawing depicts some of the key...

Question 7

Some aspects of development, such as prenatal development and language development, are closely tied to _____ which are periods during which a child is maximally sensitive to environmental influences.

Accepted Answer

Critical periods are specific times during development when particular environmental stimuli must be present for normal development to occur. Prenatal development and language development are both examples of processes that have critical periods. The other choices (A, C, and D) refer to specific stages of prenatal development but do not necessarily correspond to times of heightened sensitivity to environmental influences.

Question 8

Which of the following statements BEST defines a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A chromosome is a long, threadlike structure composed of twisted parallel strands of DNA and found in the cell nucleus. It contains genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next. Each chromosome contains many genes, which are the basic units of heredity.

Question 9

These pictures depict a two-week-old infant reflexively responding to stimulation. The child is demonstrating two reflexes present at birth, called the _____ and the _____

Accepted Answer

The answer of These pictures depict a two-week-old infant reflexively...

Question 10

Dr. Professor's research examines cognitive changes that occuras people progress from young adulthood to late adulthood. Dr.Professor is a _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

The description of Dr. Professor's research involving cognitive changes that occur over time from young adulthood to late adulthood points to a developmental psychology focus. The other options, biological, industrial/organizational, and quantitative, do not fit with this research focus.

Question 11

At the moment of conception, each person begins life as a single cell, which is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A zygote is a single cell that is formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell. This marks the beginning of a person's life. An embryo is the developing organism from two weeks to eight weeks after fertilization, while a fetus is the term used to describe the developing organism from eight weeks after fertilization until birth. The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy and is responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus.

Question 12

This psychologist proposed the idea that cognitive development is strongly influenced by social and cultural factors and developed the notion of the zone of proximal development. Heis:

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky proposed the idea that cognitive development is strongly influenced by social and cultural factors and developed the notion of the zone of proximal development. Noam Chomsky is known for his theories on language acquisition, while Jean Piaget is known for his cognitive development stages. Erik Erikson is known for his theory on psychosocial development.

Question 13

The study of how people change physically, mentally, and socially throughout the lifespan is called:

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology is the study of how individuals develop physically, mentally, and socially throughout their lifespan, from infancy to old age. It examines how people change and evolve over time and how various factors, such as genetics, environment, and culture, can influence these processes. Cognitive psychology, on the other hand, focuses on mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of subjective experiences and personal growth. Epigenetics is a field that examines how environmental factors can influence gene expression and impact health and behavior.

Question 14

At every age and stage of life, _____ psychologists investigate the influence of multiple factors on how people change physically, mentally, and socially, including biological,environmental, social, cultural, and behavioral factors.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions investigating how people change physically, mentally, and socially, which are all aspects that fall under the domain of developmental psychology. The multiple factors listed (biological, environmental, social, cultural, and behavioral) are all considered in the study of developmental psychology, making option D the best choice. Option A (epigenetic) is a more narrow subfield of developmental psychology that focuses specifically on how environmental factors can influence gene expression. Option B (cognitive) focuses on mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and problem-solving but does not consider physical or social changes. Option C (biological) is mentioned in the statement as one of the factors considered by developmental psychologists but is not a comprehensive enough choice.

Question 15

In terms of development, a critical period:

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific period of time during development when an organism is particularly susceptible to environmental influences. During this time, experiences and stimulation can have a lasting impact on the organism's development, potentially shaping their behavior and abilities in the future. While genetic influences are important throughout development, critical periods are specifically related to environmental factors. The third option is incorrect as critical periods are not solely determined by genetic influences, and the fourth option is incorrect as the prenatal period is only one potential time for a critical period to occur, and not all critical periods occur during prenatal development.

Question 16

This drawing depicts some of the key structures involved in the biological basis of heredity. After studying the image, identify the letter that labels a chromosome.

Accepted Answer

The structure labeled with "B" is a pair of homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids. This is a key feature of chromosomes, which are structures composed of DNA and protein that carry genetic information.

Question 17

Which of the following statements BEST describes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic instructions. It contains the genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring, and is responsible for determining an individual's traits and characteristics. DNA is not a harmful chemical preservative, a specific gene associated with birth defects, or a chemical trigger that activates cell division.

Question 18

Which best characterizes the typical course of human development?

Accepted Answer

Gradual unfolding changes throughout the ages and stages of life characterize human development. While there are important milestones at different stages of life, it is a continuous process rather than occurring in distinct, abrupt stages. Environmental factors play a large role, but biological factors also influence development. The four stage model suggested in choice C has been criticized for being overly simplistic and not reflective of the diversity of experiences within each stage.

Question 19

Kyle is studying how language abilities change throughout childhood, and Kelly is studying cognitive changes in late adulthood. Both Kyle and Kelly are conducting studies in which area of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Kyle's study on language abilities and Kelly's study on cognitive changes suggest that they are both conducting research within developmental psychology, which focuses on the changes that occur across the lifespan.

Question 20

This picture shows Erik Erikson and his wife Joan. Erikson isbest known for:

Accepted Answer

The picture shows Erik Erikson, who is best known for proposing an influential theory of development that has eight stages over the lifespan, with each stage having a psychosocial conflict that has to be resolved.

Quiz 9: Lifespan Development