Question 1

The part of the self­system that reflects on, guides, and directs the self is called the:

Accepted Answer

The I-self is the part of the self-system that reflects on, guides, and directs the self. The other options do not accurately describe this aspect of the self-system. The object-self relates to how we perceive ourselves as objects in the external world, the saturated self refers to the complexity of the self-concept, and the me-self relates to our understanding of how others see us.

Question 2

Marcia (1996) examined which two factors essential to achieving a mature identity?

Accepted Answer

According to Marcia (1996), the two factors essential to achieving a mature identity are crisis/exploration and commitment. Crisis/exploration involves exploring different options and considering different paths, while commitment involves making a decision or choice and taking steps towards achieving that goal or identity.

Question 3

According to a recent report by Pew, internet content created by teenagers continues to grow with ____________ of internet­using teens creating and posting material on social networking websites.

Accepted Answer

The report by Pew states that about 73% of internet-using teens create and post material on social networking websites. This is a majority percentage and indicates a significant growth in internet content created by teenagers.

Question 4

Research on the influence of parental behavior on adolescents indicates that:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that authoritative parenting, characterized by warmth, support, involvement, and setting clear expectations with reasons, is linked to positive outcomes in adolescents. In addition to better school performance, adolescents with authoritative parents are less prone to engage in delinquent behavior and substance abuse, have better mental health, and are more socially competent. Furthermore, the positive influence of authoritative parenting extends beyond the child to their friends' academic performance as well. Option A is incorrect since parental behaviors can have an impact on all adolescents regardless of their social group. Option C is incorrect since authoritarian parenting, characterized by strict rules and punitive disciplinary measures, has been found to be linked to negative outcomes such as lower self-esteem, higher levels of anxiety and depression, and delinquent behavior. Option D is incorrect since making firm decisions without explaining the reason behind them may lead to resistance and opposition from adolescents, and is not recommended in authoritative parenting.

Question 5

According to James Marcia, adolescents in the middle of an identity crisis are coping by using:

Accepted Answer

According to James Marcia's theory of identity development, adolescents in the middle of an identity crisis cope by using a moratorium. This is a period of exploration and experimentation with various roles and beliefs, without committing to any yet. Foreclosure is the acceptance of values and beliefs without exploration or questioning, identity diffusion is the lack of commitment to any values or beliefs, and identity achievement is the successful resolution of the crisis leading to a clear sense of self.

Question 6

An appreciations of one's internal states, needs, thoughts, and emotions is called:

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness refers to the ability to recognize and understand one's own internal states, including emotions, thoughts, and needs. It is a key component of emotional intelligence and can help individuals better manage their behavior and relationships with others. While self-agency, self-continuity, and self-coherence are related concepts, they refer to slightly different aspects of the self and are not as directly related to emotional intelligence.

Question 7

According to Erikson, the fundamental task of adolescence is:

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that adolescence is a stage of identity formation, where individuals are trying to figure out who they are and establish a sense of self. This involves exploring different roles, values, and beliefs, and making decisions about the future. While developing trust, taking initiative, and becoming autonomous are important, they are not considered the fundamental task of adolescence according to Erikson's theory.

Question 8

The sense of authorship over one's thoughts and actions is called:

Accepted Answer

The sense of authorship over one's thoughts and actions is referred to as self-agency, which is the subjective awareness of initiating and being in control of one's actions and the resulting outcomes. Self-awareness refers to the ability to recognize and understand one's thoughts and emotions, while self-continuity and self-coherence relate to the perceived continuity and consistency of one's self-concept over time.

Question 9

Jasmine is attempting to achieve a sense of who she is, what moral and political beliefs to embrace, her career preferences, and her relationship to her culture and community. Jasmine is going through the process of:

Accepted Answer

Jasmine is going through the process of identity development, which is the process of exploring and understanding oneself, including one's values, beliefs, preferences, and identity as a member of a certain culture or community. This process typically occurs during adolescence, as individuals try to form a sense of identity that is distinct from their parents and peers. Cognitive development refers to the growth and maturation of intellectual abilities, emotional regulation involves managing one's emotions in different situations, and puberty is a physical process of maturation during adolescence.

Question 10

The sense that one is a single, integrated, and bounded entity is called:

Accepted Answer

Self-coherence refers to the sense of being a single, integrated, and bounded entity.

Question 11

The sense that one remains the same person over time is called:

Accepted Answer

Self-continuity refers to the sense that one's identity remains the same over time. It is the feeling that despite changes in one's thoughts, emotions, and experiences, there is a core sense of self that remains constant. Self-awareness refers more to the ability to reflect on one's own thoughts and behaviors, while self-agency refers to one's ability to act and make choices in the world. Self-coherence is not a commonly used term in the field of psychology.

Question 12

The part of the self­system that includes all of the things that people know about themselves is called the:

Accepted Answer

The "me-self" refers to the part of the self-system that includes all the things that people know about themselves, such as their personality traits, preferences, and past experiences. This is different from the "I-self," which refers to the subjective experience of being a person and the active agent in one's own life. The other answer choices (subject-self and saturated self) are not commonly used terms in this context.

Question 13

The data on the role of parents and peers in shaping adolescent behavior points to:

Accepted Answer

The data on the role of parents and peers in shaping adolescent behavior points to a process of individuation whereby adolescents and their parents negotiate a new form of independence. While there may be some tensions and conflicts as adolescents establish their own identities, there is also evidence that parents continue to be important influences throughout adolescence. Additionally, peers become increasingly important as adolescents spend more time with them and seek to establish social connections outside the family. Therefore, while there may be some small aspects of a "generation gap," the overall trend is towards negotiation and independence rather than a complete break from family influences.

Question 14

James Marcia and his colleagues suggest that adolescents who have adopted their parents' patterns of identity rather than forming their own are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

Foreclosure is the term used by James Marcia to describe when adolescents adopt their parents' patterns of identity without seeking out or exploring alternative options. This means they have not actively searched for their own identity, but rather have accepted what has been given to them. Therefore, option A) is the correct answer.

Question 15

In identity formation, a teenager who is actively pursuing his own goals is engaged in:

Accepted Answer

According to James Marcia's theory of identity formation, identity achievement is the stage where individuals have explored alternative options and made commitments to a particular identity. The fact that the teenager is actively pursuing his own goals indicates that he has gone through the exploration phase and is committed to a certain identity. Therefore, he is in the identity achievement stage. Foreclosure refers to individuals who have made commitments without going through exploration, while identity diffusers have not made commitments and are not exploring. Moratorium refers to individuals who are actively exploring without having made commitments yet.

Question 16

According to Kenneth Gergen, the consequence of needing to conform to a vast array of sometimes conflicting roles and relationships results in a(n):

Accepted Answer

Kenneth Gergen's theory of the "saturated self" suggests that people are exposed to an overwhelming number of roles, relationships, and social contexts. This can lead to a sense of fragmentation and lack of coherence in the self, as individuals struggle to integrate and prioritize these diverse experiences. Therefore, the correct answer is C, saturated self. The other options (A) object-self, (B) I-self, and (D) me-self do not reflect Gergen's specific ideas about the impact of social relationships and roles on the self.

Question 17

In Barbara Crowther's study of diaries written by 10­ to 14­year­old girls during the late 1950s and early 1970s, she observed that these diaries were rarely kept secret and that their authors wanted others to know about them. She concluded:

Accepted Answer

Barbara Crowther's study suggests that for 10-14-year-old girls during the late 1950s and early 1970s, keeping a diary was a way of establishing a sense of personal autonomy. The fact that the diaries were not kept secret but shared with others shows that the girls wanted to assert their individuality and express themselves. This aligns with the idea that keeping a diary is a form of self-expression, and can be a powerful tool for personal growth and development.

Question 18

According to James Marcia, adolescents who have tried a variety of identities without being able to make a commitment to any would be classified as being in the pattern of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to James Marcia, adolescents who have...

Question 19

Enabling interactions occur when:

Accepted Answer

Enabling interactions occur when families enhance communication by empathizing and encouraging mutual problem solving. This fosters an environment of open communication and cooperation, which allows for healthy relationships and problem-solving.

Question 20

As a teen reconciles his view of who he wants to be and who he is, he is developing his sense of:

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question refers to the development of identity during adolescence, which involves reconciling one's ideal self with their actual self. Self-control and accommodation may be important factors in this process, but they are not the main focus. Heteronomous morality is a term from Piaget's theory of moral development and is not directly related to the development of identity.

Quiz 15: Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

The part of the selfsystem that reflects on, guides, and directs the self is called the:

Marcia (1996) examined which two factors essential to achieving a mature identity?

According to a recent report by Pew, internet content created by teenagers continues to grow with ____________ of internetusing teens creating and posting material on social networking websites.

Research on the influence of parental behavior on adolescents indicates that:

According to James Marcia, adolescents in the middle of an identity crisis are coping by using:

An appreciations of one's internal states, needs, thoughts, and emotions is called:

According to Erikson, the fundamental task of adolescence is:

The sense of authorship over one's thoughts and actions is called:

Jasmine is attempting to achieve a sense of who she is, what moral and political beliefs to embrace, her career preferences, and her relationship to her culture and community. Jasmine is going through the process of:

The sense that one is a single, integrated, and bounded entity is called:

The sense that one remains the same person over time is called:

The part of the selfsystem that includes all of the things that people know about themselves is called the:

The data on the role of parents and peers in shaping adolescent behavior points to:

James Marcia and his colleagues suggest that adolescents who have adopted their parents' patterns of identity rather than forming their own are engaging in:

In identity formation, a teenager who is actively pursuing his own goals is engaged in:

According to Kenneth Gergen, the consequence of needing to conform to a vast array of sometimes conflicting roles and relationships results in a(n) :

In Barbara Crowther's study of diaries written by 10 to 14yearold girls during the late 1950s and early 1970s, she observed that these diaries were rarely kept secret and that their authors wanted others to know about them. She concluded:

According to James Marcia, adolescents who have tried a variety of identities without being able to make a commitment to any would be classified as being in the pattern of:

Enabling interactions occur when:

As a teen reconciles his view of who he wants to be and who he is, he is developing his sense of:

Quiz 15: Social and Emotional Development During Adolescence

The part of the self­system that reflects on, guides, and directs the self is called the:

Marcia (1996) examined which two factors essential to achieving a mature identity?

According to a recent report by Pew, internet content created by teenagers continues to grow with ____________ of internet­using teens creating and posting material on social networking websites.

Research on the influence of parental behavior on adolescents indicates that:

According to James Marcia, adolescents in the middle of an identity crisis are coping by using:

An appreciations of one's internal states, needs, thoughts, and emotions is called:

According to Erikson, the fundamental task of adolescence is:

The sense of authorship over one's thoughts and actions is called:

Jasmine is attempting to achieve a sense of who she is, what moral and political beliefs to embrace, her career preferences, and her relationship to her culture and community. Jasmine is going through the process of:

The sense that one is a single, integrated, and bounded entity is called:

The sense that one remains the same person over time is called:

The part of the self­system that includes all of the things that people know about themselves is called the:

The data on the role of parents and peers in shaping adolescent behavior points to:

James Marcia and his colleagues suggest that adolescents who have adopted their parents' patterns of identity rather than forming their own are engaging in:

In identity formation, a teenager who is actively pursuing his own goals is engaged in:

According to Kenneth Gergen, the consequence of needing to conform to a vast array of sometimes conflicting roles and relationships results in a(n) :

In Barbara Crowther's study of diaries written by 10­ to 14­year­old girls during the late 1950s and early 1970s, she observed that these diaries were rarely kept secret and that their authors wanted others to know about them. She concluded:

According to James Marcia, adolescents who have tried a variety of identities without being able to make a commitment to any would be classified as being in the pattern of:

Enabling interactions occur when:

As a teen reconciles his view of who he wants to be and who he is, he is developing his sense of:

The part of the selfsystem that reflects on, guides, and directs the self is called the:

According to a recent report by Pew, internet content created by teenagers continues to grow with ____________ of internetusing teens creating and posting material on social networking websites.

The part of the selfsystem that includes all of the things that people know about themselves is called the:

In Barbara Crowther's study of diaries written by 10 to 14yearold girls during the late 1950s and early 1970s, she observed that these diaries were rarely kept secret and that their authors wanted others to know about them. She concluded: