Question 1

Which food is not known to trigger irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Accepted Answer

Rice products are not known to trigger IBS symptoms. Alcohol and wheat products can exacerbate symptoms in some cases, while eggs can be a trigger for those with IBS who also have a sensitivity to FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols).

Question 2

Which condition results from compromised bilirubin metabolism and is a heralding sign of liver impairment?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice is a condition that results from compromised bilirubin metabolism and is a heralding sign of liver impairment. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is formed from the breakdown of heme-containing compounds, such as hemoglobin, in the red blood cells. Normally, the liver processes and eliminates bilirubin from the body. However, when the liver is compromised, as in liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer, bilirubin builds up in the blood and causes yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, which is known as jaundice. Ascites, portal hypertensive gastropathy, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis are all complications of advanced liver disease, but they are not directly related to compromised bilirubin metabolism.

Question 3

Which condition is a problem of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by mucosal damage caused by pepsin and gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcer disease is a condition where the gastrointestinal tract is damaged by gastric acid and pepsin secretion, resulting in ulcers in the mucosal lining. Diverticulitis is inflammation of pouches in the colon, peritonitis is inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity, and upper gastrointestinal bleed is bleeding from the digestive tract.

Question 4

Most patients who present with symptoms of IBS usually have which type of problem as well?

Accepted Answer

Patients who present with symptoms of IBS often have coexisting psychological problems, such as anxiety or depression. This is believed to be related to the gut-brain axis, where stress and other psychological factors can influence gut function and exacerbate symptoms of IBS. While endocrine and metabolic problems can also contribute to IBS symptoms, they are less common. Substance abuse is not typically associated with IBS.

Question 5

Which is the most common cause of toxic liver injury in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of toxic liver injury in the United States, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. Alcoholic liver disease is the second most common cause. Hepatitis B and C can also cause liver injury, but they are not considered the most common causes of toxic liver injury in the US.

Question 6

Which of the following are pouchlike herniations of the mucosa through the muscular wall most commonly found in the colon?

Accepted Answer

Pouchlike herniations of the mucosa through the muscular wall are called diverticula. They are most commonly found in the colon.

Question 7

Which condition is a peritoneal infection that develops in conjunction with inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and is usually associated with a perforation?

Accepted Answer

Secondary peritonitis is a peritoneal infection that develops in conjunction with inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and is usually associated with a perforation. Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, while mesenteric ischemia is a condition where blood flow to the small intestine is reduced. Primary peritonitis is a bacterial infection of the peritoneum that occurs without any apparent source of contamination.

Question 8

Which of the following is a contraindication for liver transplantation?

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS is a contraindication for liver transplantation because it can lead to opportunistic infections and other complications that can make the surgery more risky.

Question 9

Which organ is injured most often in blunt abdominal trauma (BAT)?

Accepted Answer

The spleen is the organ that is most commonly injured in cases of blunt abdominal trauma. This is due to its location in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen and its relatively soft texture, making it vulnerable to injury from impact.

Question 10

Which condition is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain for patients who come to emergency departments?

Accepted Answer

Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain for patients who come to emergency departments. It is a condition where the appendix gets inflamed and infected, causing severe pain in the lower right part of the abdomen. If left untreated, the appendix can rupture and lead to a life-threatening infection.

Question 11

In which form of liver transplantation does a partial left or partial right lobe transplanted from a donor provide temporary support for the patient's liver, which is left in place?

Accepted Answer

In auxiliary transplantation, a partial left or partial right lobe transplanted from a donor provides temporary support for the patient's liver, which is left in place. This allows the patient to recover while waiting for a full liver transplant. ABO-incompatibility grafts and deceased liver donor transplants involve replacing the patient's entire liver, while living liver donor transplants involve a living donor providing a portion of their liver to replace the patient's diseased liver.

Question 12

Which of these disease processes is not considered for a differential diagnosis of small bowel ischemia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these disease processes is not...

Question 13

What percentage of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) seeks medical attention?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 30% of patients with IBS seek medical attention. The remaining 70% do not seek medical care, possibly due to a belief that their symptoms are not serious enough, embarrassment, or concern about the stigma associated with the diagnosis of IBS.

Question 14

Which bacteria is a cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that is known to cause peptic ulcer disease. The other options (Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus) are not typically associated with PUD.

Question 15

Which of the following is considered the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of diverticulitis?

Accepted Answer

CT scan is considered the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of diverticulitis due to its high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of inflammation or abscesses in the colon wall. Colonic contrast studies are less sensitive and specific than CT scan. Endoscopy may be helpful in ruling out other conditions but is not as effective in detecting diverticulitis. MR colonography is an alternative imaging modality for patients who cannot tolerate CT scan or have contraindications to its use, but its diagnostic accuracy for diverticulitis is not as well established as CT scan.

Question 16

A patient presents at the hospital with appendicitis. Which of the following should not be done in preparation for emergent surgery?

Accepted Answer

Administering a laxative is not recommended in preparation for emergent surgery for appendicitis. It can cause bowel stimulation and increase the risk of perforation during surgery. The other choices are appropriate for preparing the patient for surgery. Administering IV fluids will ensure the patient is adequately hydrated. Keeping the patient in semi-Fowler's position will help with breathing and prevent aspiration. Keeping the patient NPO will prevent complications such as aspiration and vomiting during surgery.

Question 17

Autopsy results indicate that up to what percentage of American adults have gallstones?

Accepted Answer

Autopsy results indicate that approximately 35% of American adults have gallstones.

Quiz 12: Gastrointestinal Problems

Which food is not known to trigger irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ?