Question 1

Older adults may be more susceptible to HIV infection because of changes in the immune system.

Accepted Answer

As we age, our immune system undergoes changes that can make us more susceptible to infections including HIV. Older adults may also have other health conditions that can weaken their immune systems and make them more vulnerable to HIV.

Question 2

For people in the United States, the current average longevity from birth is about 79 years. .

Accepted Answer

According to data from the World Bank, the current average life expectancy in the United States is approximately 79 years.

Question 3

Overflow incontinence results from improper contraction of the kidneys, causing the bladder to become over distended.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 4

The United States has higher rates of most chronic diseases and functional impairment than England or the rest of Europe.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the United States has higher rates of most chronic diseases and functional impairment compared to England or the rest of Europe.

Question 5

Illness is the presence of a physical or mental disease or impairment.

Accepted Answer

Illness is defined as the presence of a physical or mental disease or impairment.

Question 6

Populations around the world vary as to how long they live on average, from80-years-old in Sierra Leone in Africa to 38-years-old in Japan.

Accepted Answer

The average life expectancy in Sierra Leone is significantly lower than 80 years, and Japan has one of the highest life expectancies in the world, much higher than 38 years.

Question 7

The perceived ability to cope with harm, threat, or challenge is known as primary appraisal.

Accepted Answer

Primary appraisal is the process of evaluating whether an event is irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful (harm/threat/challenge), but it does not involve the perceived ability to cope with the event. The perceived ability to cope is assessed during secondary appraisal.

Question 8

Ongoing research is revolutionizing how we treat diseases by improving the way that medications work through tailoring medications based on a specific person's genes.

Accepted Answer

Ongoing research in pharmacogenomics is indeed revolutionizing the field of medicine by enabling the tailoring of medications based on a person's genetic profile, which improves their effectiveness and reduces the risk of adverse reactions.

Question 9

Researchers speculate that when stressed, men opt for a fight or flight response, whereas women opt for a tend and befriend approach.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that, in general, men tend to have a stronger fight or flight response to stress, while women tend to have a tend and befriend response. This is thought to be due to evolutionary factors, with men historically needing to physically defend or flee from threats, while women needed to tend to offspring and seek support from social connections. However, it is important to note that individual responses to stress can vary greatly regardless of gender.

Question 10

The incidence rate of chronic disease decreases with age, while the incidence rate of acute disease increases with age.

Accepted Answer

The incidence rate of chronic disease increases with age due to the accumulation of health risks and the wear and tear on the body over time, while the incidence rate of acute disease does not necessarily increase with age and can vary depending on the specific disease and other factors.

Question 11

The disease diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas produces insufficient globulins.

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas either produces insufficient insulin or the body is unable to effectively use the insulin produced. Globulins are a type of protein and are not directly related to diabetes mellitus.

Question 12

A great mystery is how the immune system differentiates between one's own cells and invaders.

Accepted Answer

The immune system has a mechanism to recognize and differentiate between self and non-self cells, which is crucial for avoiding autoimmunity.

Question 13

Episodic memory, remembering to take one's medication at a future time, is critical to good adherence to a medication regimen.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory involves recalling past experiences and events, not future intentions or tasks. Remembering to take medication at a future time involves prospective memory.

Question 14

There is much evidence that drugs stay longer in the body as people grow older.

Accepted Answer

As people age, changes in the body's metabolism, absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs can lead to longer drug stays in the body. This can increase the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions.

Question 15

Thyroxine is the hormone important in women's reproductive activities and for establishing strong bond with one's children.

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is important in regulating metabolism. While it may indirectly affect reproductive activities, it is not directly involved in them. The bond between a mother and child is primarily influenced by the hormone oxytocin.

Question 16

The nonpharmacological approach to pain management includes the use of narcotic and nonnarcotic medications.

Accepted Answer

The nonpharmacological approach to pain management does not involve the use of medication, whether narcotic or nonnarcotic. It includes methods such as relaxation techniques, physical therapy, acupuncture, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 17

Although longevity differences between high and low socioeconomic groups in the United States narrowed during the latter part of the 20^th century, these improvements have stopped since 1990 due to continued differences in access to health care.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true as per the given information.

Question 18

The sad part about most environmental factors is that human activity is responsible for most of them.

Accepted Answer

Human activity, such as deforestation, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, has significantly impacted the environment, leading to issues like climate change, loss of biodiversity, and natural resource depletion.

Question 19

Smartphone apps are available that monitor medication schedules as well as several health indicators of compliance.

Accepted Answer

Smartphone apps are available that can monitor medication schedules and other health indicators such as blood pressure, glucose levels, and physical activity to help improve medication adherence and overall health management.

Question 20

A person is said to have a disability when a chronic condition affects a person's ability to engage in necessary, expected, and desired activities.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of disability according to the World Health Organization.

Quiz 4: Longevity, Health, and Functioning