Question 1

Kamii's constructivism

Accepted Answer

Kamii's constructivism emphasizes allowing children to invent their own mathematical strategies rather than relying on traditional algorithms, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are not accurate descriptions of Kamii's constructivism.

Question 2

In Piaget's theory, deferred imitation is an example of

Accepted Answer

Deferred imitation, according to Piaget, is a sign of the emergence of symbolic thought, indicating the child's ability to form mental representations of behavior observed in others. This marks the beginning of thought, where the child can now mentally represent and think about the behaviors of others without immediately imitating them.

Question 3

Piaget most often linked the various forms of preoperational thought to

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that egocentrism was the most prominent characteristic of preoperational thought, and he often linked other aspects of this stage, such as animism, magical thinking, and centration, to egocentric thought processes.

Question 4

An infant who accidentally pushes an object and then pushes it again and again to see the interesting sight last demonstrates

Accepted Answer

The infant pushing the same object repeatedly to observe the interesting sight represents a secondary circular reaction. This is because the infant is intentionally repeating an action and observing the consequences to cause a reaction, indicating the development of intentional behavior.

Question 5

All of the following are examples of preoperational thought except

Accepted Answer

Preoperational thought is characterized by the inability to perform mental operations that involve logic, such as reversibility. Egocentrism and animism are both examples of preoperational thought, as they reflect the child's inability to take other perspectives and tendency to attribute human qualities to inanimate objects. The belief that dreams are real, while not a typical example of preoperational thought, may reflect magical thinking or a lack of distinction between fantasy and reality.

Question 6

When children consider rules fixed and unchangeable, Piaget used the term

Accepted Answer

Piaget used the term "moral heteronomy" to describe the stage of moral development in which children view rules as fixed and unchangeable, and believe that breaking them will result in punishment. This stage occurs during early childhood, typically between the ages of 4 and 7. As children grow and develop, they begin to understand that rules are created by people and can be changed if necessary, which Piaget described as the stage of "moral autonomy."

Question 7

A child strikes a table several times, sometimes more loudly, sometimes more softly. This behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

Tertiary circular reactions, a concept from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, involve the purposeful adaptation of established behaviors in new situations. When a child experiments with the intensity of striking a table to observe different outcomes, it reflects this stage of experimenting with actions to see the consequences, characteristic of the sensorimotor stage (typically around 12-18 months of age).

Question 8

In Piaget's view, children master conservation

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, children master conservation by recognizing the contradictions in their own thought. It is not necessary for them to receive specific instruction or go to school to develop conservation abilities.

Question 9

At the stage of primary circular reactions, infants

Accepted Answer

During the stage of primary circular reactions, which occurs from birth to about 4 months old, infants coordinate two body actions. They repeat actions that bring them pleasure, such as sucking their thumb or shaking a rattle. They do not engage in trial and error experiments or repeat newly imitated behavior over and over at this stage. Infants at this stage also do not think with motor symbols or words.

Question 10

An answer that includes the consideration of all hypothetical possibilities is at the level of

Accepted Answer

The consideration of all hypothetical possibilities is a characteristic of formal operations, the fourth and final stage of Piaget's cognitive developmental theory. According to Piaget, individuals at this stage, typically reached in adolescence, are able to think logically and systematically, and can consider hypothetical situations and multiple possibilities before making a decision.

Question 11

Piaget said the mastery of conservation indicates

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, conservation is an ability to understand that certain properties of an object remain the same even if the appearance of the object changes slightly. This ability is usually mastered during the stage of concrete operations, which occurs around 7-11 years of age. Therefore, the best answer is C - concrete operations.

Question 12

Egocentrism is a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism is a characteristic of preoperational thought, according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This is the second stage of cognitive development which spans from 2 to 7 years of age. Egocentrism refers to a child's inability to see things from the perspective of others and their tendency to see the world only from their own viewpoint.

Question 13

In Piaget's view, young people in formal operations can

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, young people in formal operations can think abstractly, consider hypothetical possibilities, and engage in scientific experiments. Therefore, all of the above are correct.

Question 14

A child who can find a completely hidden object but cannot follow visible displacement is in what stage of sensorimotor development?

Accepted Answer

A child in stage 4 of sensorimotor development, which typically occurs from about 8 to 12 months of age, can find a completely hidden object (object permanence) but may struggle with understanding visible displacement, where an object is moved from one place to another while the child watches.

Question 15

For Piaget, which of the following is not an example of egocentrism?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism refers to a child's inability to consider another person's perspective and the tendency to only focus on their own point of view. Selfishness is a characteristic of someone who is self-centered, but it is not necessarily related to egocentrism as defined by Piaget. Collective monologues refer to the phenomenon where children engage in conversations with each other, but they are each talking about different things and not truly engaging in a back-and-forth exchange of ideas, which is an example of egocentrism. Not considering another's viewpoint and failing to realize that others can't see one's dreams are also examples of egocentrism according to Piaget.

Question 16

Recent research suggests

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that while Piaget's stages are not always precise in predicting children's performance on individual tasks, they do accurately represent the overall changes in how children think and reason over time. Additionally, research suggests that children can be taught conservation with specific interventions and strategies. However, there is no evidence indicating that Piaget's sequences are entirely wrong.

Question 17

Piaget emphasized children's lack of conservation as a quality of

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that children in the preoperational stage (ages 2-7) lack conservation, which is the understanding that quantity remains the same even if the appearance of the object changes. This is exemplified by the classic conservation tasks where a child may believe that two glasses of the same amount of liquid are not equal if one glass appears taller or wider than the other.

Question 18

Piaget paid considerably more attention to

Accepted Answer

Piaget's main focus was on the structure of thought and how it develops from stage to stage, rather than just the movement from one stage to another. He was more interested in cognitive development over social or physical development. While he did study infancy, he placed more emphasis on childhood and adolescence.

Question 19

Piaget emphasized the importance of

Accepted Answer

Piaget emphasized the importance of independent thinking, believing that children learn best through their own experiences and interactions with the world around them.

Question 20

In the Piagetian view, stages

Accepted Answer

Piagetian stages occur in a fixed sequence and represent general patterns of thought and behavior that are qualitatively different from one another. Therefore, all of the choices are correct.

Quiz 6: Piagets Cognitive-Developmental Theory