Question 1

Erikson seems to regard identity foreclosure as

Accepted Answer

Erikson regards identity foreclosure as impoverishing the personality, as individuals who experience identity foreclosure have prematurely committed to an identity without exploring or considering other options. While Erikson does acknowledge that some individuals may briefly experience identity foreclosure as a necessary stage of development, it is not seen as a necessary stage for all individuals to go through, and it is not necessarily tied to postconventional thought.

Question 2

For Erikson, gaining maturity in adulthood primarily means

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the primary task of adulthood is to develop a sense of generativity, which involves caring for others and contributing to society. This is seen as the hallmark of maturity in adulthood. While gaining independence and persevering in one's goals are important, they are not the primary focus of Erikson's theory for adulthood. Finding one's unique identity is more closely associated with the adolescent stage of development.

Question 3

Ego integrity most basically includes

Accepted Answer

Ego integrity is the last stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, and it refers to a sense of completeness, wholeness, and acceptance of one's life as it has been lived. Acceptance of the past is a crucial aspect of ego integrity, as it allows individuals to reconcile with their life experiences and feel a sense of coherence and integrity in their identity. A, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of ego integrity, as they do not capture the fundamental quality of acceptance and integration of one's life experiences.

Question 4

According to Erikson, trust ultimately depends on

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erikson, trust ultimately depends on
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Question 5

A child who is very curious, ambitious, and imaginative is most likely to be at Erikson's stage of

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of initiative vs. guilt occurs from ages 3-6 and is characterized by curiosity, imagination, and a desire to explore and learn about the world. Children at this stage are also eager to take on new challenges and responsibilities, and may feel guilty if they fail or are not able to meet their own high expectations.  Therefore, a child who is very curious, ambitious, and imaginative is most likely to be at Erikson's stage of initiative vs. guilt.

Question 6

On which issue are the stage theories of Erikson and Piaget in agreement?

Accepted Answer

Both Erikson and Piaget believe that the stages of development are qualitatively different from each other. They both see development as a series of distinct stages with different characteristics and challenges to be overcome.

Question 7

A favorable resolution of the conflict between identity and role confusion leads to a sense of

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that individuals face the crisis of identity vs. role confusion. Successfully navigating this crisis leads to the virtue of fidelity, which involves being able to commit oneself to others on the basis of accepting others, even when there may be ideological differences. This sense of fidelity reflects a person's ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged in spite of the inevitable contradictions and confusions of value systems.

Question 8

A favorable resolution of the conflict between initiative and guilt in Erikson's theory leads to a sense of

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory posits that a favorable resolution of the conflict between initiative and guilt, which occurs during the preschool years, leads to a sense of purpose. This stage emphasizes the development of a sense of initiative and the ability to plan and undertake tasks, with a successful resolution fostering a feeling of purposefulness.

Question 9

Looking at old age, Erikson focused on

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development focuses on the inner struggle for meaning and purpose in old age.

Question 10

A psychosocial moratorium occurs at Erikson's stage of

Accepted Answer

A psychosocial moratorium is a period of exploration and experimentation with different roles and identities. This occurs during Erikson's stage of identity vs. role confusion, which occurs during adolescence. During this stage, individuals are trying to figure out who they are and what they want to do with their lives, and this can involve trying on different identities and roles before settling on one.

Question 11

One of the criticisms of Erikson, advanced by Robert White, is that Erikson

Accepted Answer

Robert White criticized Erik Erikson for not capturing all aspects of ego development in his concepts of modes, suggesting that Erikson's framework was incomplete in representing the full spectrum of ego development processes.

Question 12

Erikson's stages, compared to Piaget's stages, are

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stages are more maturationally governed as they are based on psychosocial development across the lifespan, whereas Piaget's stages focus on cognitive development in children.

Question 13

Erikson's stages, compared to Freud's,

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stages are more general as they focus on psychosocial development across the lifespan, unlike Freud's psychosexual stages which are tied to specific libidinal zones.

Question 14

The issue of parental discipline usually first arises at Erikson's stage of

Accepted Answer

The stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt is the period in which children begin asserting their independence and exploring their environment. It is during this stage that parents must establish appropriate boundaries and consequences for their child's behavior, while still fostering a sense of self-worth and autonomy. Thus, the issue of parental discipline and setting limits becomes very important during this stage.

Quiz 12: Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life