Question 1

Those living in assertive, ______ cultures are tempted to engage in unethical activities in order to succeed.

Accepted Answer

Performance-oriented cultures place a high value on achieving goals and success, which can lead individuals to engage in unethical behavior in order to attain these objectives. Masculine cultures emphasize competitiveness and assertiveness, but this may not necessarily lead to unethical activity. Uncertainty avoidance cultures prioritize minimizing risk and ambiguity, while power distance cultures are characterized by a tolerance for hierarchy and unequal distribution of power, neither of which directly relate to a temptation for unethical behavior.

Question 2

______ describes the relative importance of power differences.

Accepted Answer

Power distance is the cultural dimension that describes the extent to which a culture accepts and expects power differences among individuals. It refers to the unequal distribution of power among members of society and how comfortable people are with this inequality. A high power distance culture values hierarchy and respects authority, while a low power distance culture values equality and encourages participation from all members. Therefore, power distance best describes the relative importance of power differences among cultures.

Question 3

The Caux principles emphasize the importance of human dignity.

Accepted Answer

The Caux principles are a set of ethical guidelines for businesses, and one of its main principles is to respect human dignity.

Question 4

Masculine cultures maintain clearly defined sex roles.

Accepted Answer

Masculine cultures tend to emphasize the importance of traditional sex roles and maintain distinct expectations and behaviors for men and women.

Question 5

Individualists are more likely to lie to protect the group or family.

Accepted Answer

Individualists prioritize their own interests and values over those of the group or family, so they are less likely to lie to protect them. Collectivists, on the other hand, prioritize the interests and values of the group or family, so they may be more likely to lie in order to protect them.

Question 6

Collectivist societies prefer universal ethical standards.

Accepted Answer

Collectivist societies often prioritize the needs and goals of the group over universal ethical standards, which can lead to a more context-dependent approach to ethics.

Question 7

The dimension of Hofstede's model that reflects attitudes toward the roles of men and women is called ______ versus ______.

Accepted Answer

The dimension of Hofstede's model that reflects attitudes toward the roles of men and women is called masculinity versus femininity. This dimension measures the extent to which a society values traditionally "masculine" traits such as assertiveness and competition versus traditionally "feminine" traits such as nurturance and quality of life.

Question 8

High-power distance cultures are comfortable with differences in status.

Accepted Answer

In high-power distance cultures, individuals are comfortable with differences in status and often accept unequal distribution of power in their society.

Question 9

Supporters of globalization point to free trade producing wealth as a benefit.

Accepted Answer

Supporters of globalization argue that free trade allows for greater efficiency, specialization, and competition, leading to economic growth and increased wealth for countries and their citizens.

Question 10

Bribery is more common in collectivist societies.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that bribery is more common in collectivist societies where there is a stronger emphasis on group harmony and relationships, rather than individualism and rule adherence. In these societies, bribery can be seen as a way to maintain or strengthen social ties, connections, and obligations.

Question 11

Members of ______ societies encourage and reward excellence.

Accepted Answer

Performance-oriented societies place a high value on achievement, performance, and success, and therefore encourage and reward excellence. Masculine societies value assertiveness and competition, uncertainty avoidance societies seek to minimize risk and uncertainty, and power distance societies accept and expect unequal distribution of power.

Question 12

______ cultures put the needs and goals of the person and her or his immediate family first.

Accepted Answer

Individualistic cultures prioritize individual goals and achievements over collective ones, which encompasses the needs and goals of a person and her or his immediate family. Examples of individualistic cultures include the United States, Australia, and most Western countries.

Question 13

Elements of ______ are passed on from generation to generation and from person to person.

Accepted Answer

Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society. These elements are transmitted from one generation to the next through socialization, and from person to person through communication and interaction. Ethnocentrism, cultural diversity, and stereotyping are related concepts, but they do not necessarily involve the same kind of intergenerational and interpersonal transmission.

Question 14

The United Nations recently launched the ______ to encourage multinational corporations to honor human rights, labor rights, and the environment while, at the same time, fighting corruption.

Accepted Answer

The Global Compact is a UN initiative that encourages multinational corporations to follow principles related to human rights, labor rights, the environment, and anti-corruption measures. The initiative was launched in 2000 and continues to have a significant impact on corporate social responsibility practices globally. The Abilene paradox, mission exchange, and NATO do not relate to this particular UN initiative.

Question 15

Concentration of ______ is a by-product of globalization that increases the likelihood of abuse.

Accepted Answer

Globalization often leads to the concentration of power in the hands of a few global actors, such as multinational corporations and powerful governments. This concentration of power increases the likelihood of abuse, including abusive labor practices, environmental degradation, and human rights violations.

Question 16

______ is the prejudgment of others based on prior experiences and beliefs.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to forming an opinion or judgment about someone or something based on preconceived notions or prior experiences, often without sufficient knowledge or reason.

Question 17

The tendency to see the world from our culture's point of view is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to view the world and judge the behavior of others from the perspective of one's own culture. It involves the assumption that one's own culture is superior to others and means of evaluating other cultures are derived from one's own culture.

Question 18

Which of the following is not an element of culture?

Accepted Answer

Culture is not static, but rather it is constantly changing and evolving. Therefore, "static" is not an element of culture.

Question 19

______ is the extent to which a culture encourages and honors people for being altruistic, caring, kind, fair, and generous.

Accepted Answer

Humane orientation is the extent to which a culture encourages and honors people for being altruistic, caring, kind, fair, and generous. This dimension is one of the dimensions of cultural values proposed by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) research program. Assertiveness is the degree to which a culture values activities such as assertiveness, competitiveness, and materialism. Performance orientation is the degree to which a culture values and rewards performance, improvement, and excellence. Future orientation is the extent to which a culture encourages and rewards future-oriented behaviors such as planning, investing in the future, and delaying gratification.

Question 20

Along with taking stock of the potential moral pitfalls of globalization, leaders need to recognize that ______ makes ethical decision-making even harder.

Accepted Answer

Cultural diversity makes ethical decision-making even harder because different cultures may have different values, beliefs, and norms that can clash with each other. Leaders who are not aware of or do not respect these differences may make decisions that are considered unethical or inappropriate in certain cultures. It is important for leaders to develop cross-cultural competence and engage in continuous learning to navigate these complexities.

Quiz 11: Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership in a Global Society