Question 1

Teen or drug courts, known as problem-solving or therapeutic courts, focus on ______ issues that emerge in the traditional court, but cannot be adequately dealt with through traditional court means and sanctions.

Accepted Answer

Social issues are often the root cause of criminal behavior, and traditional court systems are not equipped to address them. Problem-solving courts, on the other hand, are designed to identify and address these issues in order to reduce recidivism.

Question 2

If we prevent ______ offending, we can prevent the beginning of ______ criminal offending as well.

Accepted Answer

By preventing juvenile offending, there is a greater chance of preventing the development of criminal behavior in adulthood. It is important to address and intervene in problematic behaviors during adolescence to reduce the likelihood of continued criminal behavior into adulthood.

Question 3

______ programs involve small, closely supervised groups of juveniles who are confronted with difficult physical challenges that require teamwork and cooperation to overcome them.

Accepted Answer

The description mentioned "physical challenges that require teamwork and cooperation" which fits the wilderness programs. Upward programs focus on academic and life skills development, school programs are more traditional educational settings, and inner-city programs typically address urban issues such as violence and poverty.

Question 4

______ courts aim to stop the abuse of alcohol and other drugs (AODs) through the use of intensive therapeutic supervision.

Accepted Answer

Drug courts are specifically designed to reduce drug use and associated criminal behavior by involving offenders in long-term treatment and regular drug testing under judicial supervision.

Question 5

During the 1930s, the ______ involved churches, social clubs, and community committees that sponsored recreation programs for juveniles; addressed problems associated with law enforcement, health services, and education; targeted local gangs; and helped to reintegrate juveniles who had been adjudicated delinquent.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the Chicago Area Project, which was a community-based program that aimed to prevent juvenile delinquency through a variety of social and recreational activities, as well as addressing underlying issues contributing to delinquency. The Harlem experiment was a different program focused on addressing delinquency in African American youth, while the Philadelphia project and Barrio Initiative are not commonly known or referenced programs in this context.

Question 6

A 2003 study by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) pointed out that the earlier an ______ can be introduced, the better the opportunity to change the behavior.

Accepted Answer

The study suggests the importance of early intervention in changing behavior, indicating that choice C, intervention, is the best choice. Choice A, prevention, could also be a valid option, but the study specifically emphasizes the importance of intervention in addressing behavior that has already occurred. Choices B and D, diversion and incarceration, do not align with the study's emphasis on early intervention as a means of reducing delinquency.

Question 7

______ prevention attempts to prevent further illegal acts among offenders once such acts have been committed.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention is focused on preventing further offending or recidivism among individuals who have already committed illegal acts. It involves interventions such as rehabilitative programs, counseling, and support groups to address the underlying causes of criminal behavior and help offenders make positive changes in their lives. Primary prevention aims to prevent crime from occurring in the first place, while secondary prevention aims to intervene early to prevent recidivism among individuals who have been incarcerated or otherwise involved in the criminal justice system. Quaternary prevention involves minimizing the negative consequences of interventions on individuals who have already experienced harm or trauma.

Question 8

Researchers have found that ______ and ______ were two restorative programs that showed the most promise in reducing recidivism.

Accepted Answer

According to the information given, victim-offender mediation and family group conferencing were the two restorative programs that showed the most promise in reducing recidivism. Option A includes one correct program (victim-offender mediation) but the other option (offender accountability counseling) was not mentioned as highly promising. Option B includes one correct program (offender accountability counseling) but the other option (family group counseling) was not mentioned as highly promising. Option D includes two incorrect program names.

Question 9

______ prevention is directed at preventing illegal acts among the juvenile population as a whole before they occur by alleviating social conditions related to the offenders.

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention is focused on preventing the occurrence of a problem before it arises, in this case preventing juvenile delinquency by addressing social conditions related to offending behavior. Tertiary prevention focuses on addressing and managing existing delinquent behavior, while secondary prevention focuses on identifying and intervening with at-risk youth who have already exhibited delinquent behavior. Quaternary prevention is not a recognized prevention category in the field of juvenile justice.

Question 10

______ theories stress the desirability of prevention rather than correction.

Accepted Answer

Labeling and learning theories emphasize the importance of preventing criminal behavior rather than solely focusing on punishment after the crime has been committed.

Question 11

The philosophy of ______ justice centers on the assertion that crime and delinquency affect persons instead of the traditional assertion that crime affects the state.

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of restorative justice focuses on repairing relationships between the offender, victim, and community, and recognizes that crime and delinquency harm individuals rather than just the state. The other options do not specifically shift the focus from the state to the individual.

Question 12

The concept of ______ court has originated as a way to keep first-time juvenile offenders who commit minor offenses and are willing to admit guilt from being processed in the formal juvenile justice system.

Accepted Answer

Teen courts are designed to provide an alternative to the formal juvenile justice system for first-time offenders who commit minor offenses and are willing to admit their guilt.

Question 13

It would seem reasonable to bring as many resources as possible to bear so as to ______ the offender from engaging in illegal behavior in the first place (predelinquent intervention) or to try to ______ the juvenile, as early as possible, when he or she does encounter the justice system.

Accepted Answer

The sentence suggests using resources to stop illegal behavior before it starts (prevent) and to redirect juveniles away from the justice system (divert) if they do encounter it.

Question 14

______ advocates programs such as victim-offender mediation, victim-impact panels, community service, and community sentencing.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice advocates programs that focus on repairing harm caused by criminal behavior and restoring relationships among victims, offenders, and the community. These programs include victim-offender mediation, victim-impact panels, community service, and community sentencing. Balanced justice focuses on both punishment and rehabilitation, while school programs and wilderness programs are not directly related to this topic.

Question 15

Intervening with a juvenile prior to adjudication is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Intervening with a juvenile prior to adjudication is referred to as preadjudication intervention. This can include diversion programs or other interventions aimed at addressing the underlying issues that may have led the juvenile to engage in delinquent behavior, with the goal of preventing further involvement in the juvenile justice system.

Question 16

The ______ program is a 13-week curriculum offered in middle schools, elementary schools, during the summer, and to families. Its focus is on reducing the number of children joining gangs and it is taught by uniformed police officers.

Accepted Answer

The GREAT (Gang Resistance Education and Training) program is specifically focused on reducing the number of children joining gangs, and it is taught by uniformed police officers in schools and to families. DARE is a similar program focused on drug education, and CAP is a program for Civil Air Patrol. While antibullying programs may also be offered in schools, it is not specifically targeted towards reducing gang involvement.

Question 17

In restorative justice, ______ are measured by how much repair was done rather than by how much punishment was inflicted.

Accepted Answer

In restorative justice, the focus is on repairing harm and restoring relationships rather than punishing the offender. Therefore, the success is measured by the extent of repair done to the victim, community or affected parties rather than by the severity of punishment inflicted.

Question 18

The goal of the semester-long ______ program aimed at fifth and sixth graders is to equip juveniles with the skills to resist peer pressure to use drugs.

Accepted Answer

The DARE program (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) is specifically designed to educate children about the dangers of drug use and help them develop skills to resist peer pressure to experiment with drugs. The GREAT program (Gang Resistance Education and Training) focuses on preventing gang-related activity and violence, while the Antibullying program focuses on preventing bullying behavior. The CAP program (Child Assault Prevention) is designed to teach children about personal safety and how to respond to potentially dangerous situations.

Question 19

Restorative justice defines a ______ as an offense against human relationships.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice defines a crime as an offense against human relationships, as it harms individuals and community relationships.

Question 20

______ prevention seeks to identify juveniles who appear to be at high risk for delinquency and/or abuse and to intervene in their lives early.

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention focuses on identifying individuals who are at high risk of developing a problem, such as delinquency or abuse, and intervening early to prevent the problem from occurring or escalating.

Quiz 10: Prevention and Diversion Programs