Question 1

______________ was the person responsible for the establishment of the first juvenile court in 1899 in the city of Chicago, Illinois.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________ was the person responsible for the...

Question 2

________________ as it is practiced today was devised to avoid the mechanical application of the harsh penal codes of earlier times.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ as it is practiced today was...

Question 3

When an indictment is held in abeyance with neither dismissal nor final conviction, in cases in which the judge wishes to defer adjudication or suspend the sentence, it is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an indictment is held in abeyance...

Question 4

Today, __________ is used to ensure a defendant's presence at court, but the main goal was originally to humanize criminal law and mitigate its harshness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Today, __________ is used to ensure a...

Question 5

Probation systems are often either county or _____ controlled and funded.

Accepted Answer

Probation systems are often either county or state controlled and funded, reflecting the structure of the criminal justice system in the United States, where both state and local governments have jurisdiction over certain aspects of law enforcement and corrections.

Question 6

The chance to avoid a criminal record by completing a term of community supervision where an individual follows a predetermined treatment plan while agreeing to stay out of trouble is known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chance to avoid a criminal record...

Question 7

Which of the following agencies qualifies for funding through community corrections acts?

Accepted Answer

Community corrections acts provide funds for local probation agencies to implement community-based programs and services aimed at reducing recidivism and promoting successful reentry. Federal probation, state parole, and county jails are not eligible for funding through community corrections acts.

Question 8

About ________% of current probationers have at least one prior conviction.

Accepted Answer

Over 50% of current probationers have at least one prior conviction, indicating a significant portion of individuals on probation have a history of prior convictions.

Question 9

The "brokerage of services" model in community corrections sought to provide

Accepted Answer

The "brokerage of services" model in community corrections aimed to connect probationers and parolees with appropriate community agencies, making "referral to appropriate community agencies" the correct answer. While therapeutic services and specialized supervision may have been a part of this model, they were not the primary focus. Fairness and due process are more related to the legal system as a whole, rather than a specific model within community corrections.

Question 10

Federal probation was authorized in 1925 when President Coolidge signed the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Federal probation was authorized in 1925 when...

Question 11

In the contemporary organizational structure of probation agencies in the United States, the practices are

Accepted Answer

The organizational structure of probation agencies in the United States is not uniform. Each state has the flexibility to design and implement its own probation system, which can be run at the state or local level. This leads to variations in the size, scope, and function of probation agencies across the country. Some states have a centralized probation system, while others rely on a more decentralized system that gives more control to counties or judicial districts. Therefore, the practices are not uniform throughout the United States.

Question 12

Which community corrections model in the United States utilized probation and parole officers as social workers who sought to diagnosis and treat those offenders (clients) they were assigned?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which community corrections model in the United...

Question 13

It is generally agreed that the first true probation law was enacted in the United States in 1878 and grew out of the work of ________________, who is credited with being a "founder of probation" in America.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is generally agreed that the first...

Question 14

A monetary penalty imposed arbitrarily by the court in punishment for an offense is known as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A monetary penalty imposed arbitrarily by the...

Question 15

Juvenile probation was formed under English common law and the doctrine of ____________, which is a Latin term for the doctrine that "the state is parent" and therefore serves as guardian of juveniles who might not be able to fend for themselves.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile probation was established based on the doctrine of parens patriae, which means "the state is parent." This principle holds that the state has a responsibility to act in the best interests of children, particularly those who are unable to care for themselves. The idea behind juvenile probation is to provide guidance and supervision for minors who have violated the law and help them get back on track.

Question 16

A police officer who suspects a juvenile of smoking cigarettes can refer that juvenile directly to a deferred adjudication via

Accepted Answer

A civil citation allows the police officer to issue a fine to the juvenile as a punishment for smoking cigarettes, without the need for an arrest or mandatory sentencing. Deferred adjudication allows the juvenile to avoid a criminal record and complete a probationary period to prove they have learned from their mistake. This approach can help prevent juveniles from further involvement in the criminal justice system.

Question 17

_____ is the philosophy of allowing the state to serve as the guardian of juveniles who might not be able to fend for themselves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is the philosophy of allowing the...

Question 18

When the court enters an order after the verdict, finding, or plea that postpones the imposition, or execution, of sentence during the good behavior of the offender, it is known as a(n) ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the court enters an order after...

Question 19

Diversion is also known as

Accepted Answer

Diversion, in the context of criminal justice, refers to deferred adjudication where a defendant may have their charges dropped or reduced after completing certain conditions, such as community service or rehabilitation programs, without a formal conviction being entered.

Question 20

Vermont was the second state to pass a probation statute, adopting a(n) _____ plan of organization in 1898.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vermont was the second state to pass...

Quiz 2: How Probation Developed: Chronicling Its Past and Present