Question 1

The worker of a company earns a wage that provides with him good food, shelter, and a good standard of living. According to the progression principle, which of the following needs is most likely to motivate him next?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The worker of a company earns a...

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a self-actualization need?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is the realization of one's full potential and the need for self-fulfillment is a key component of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which includes physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Mastery can also be considered a self-actualization need, but it is not listed as a choice in this question. Affection, protection, and physical well-being are lower level needs in the hierarchy.

Question 3

Cooper is a manager who assumes that his employees dislike work and act irresponsibly. He tries to command and control his workers in every possible way. According to the self-fulfilling prophecy, Cooper's employees are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Cooper's assumption creates a negative expectation about his employees, which can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. Employees are more likely to conform to the negative expectation placed upon them and become passive, rather than taking initiatives, being creative or performing responsibly.

Question 4

What was the disadvantage Argyris found in Weber's bureaucratic model?

Accepted Answer

Argyris argued that Weber's bureaucratic model could lead to passive and dependent workers due to its rigid structure and lack of emphasis on individual autonomy and creativity.

Question 5

The CEO of Charter & Co. has a good compensation, a house, a family, and many friends. He is respected by his employees and is recognized as an efficient manager. Now, he wants to start his own company. Which of the following needs is he responding to?

Accepted Answer

The CEO's current situation suggests that his physiological, safety, and social needs are already being met. His desire to start his own company indicates a desire for self-actualization, which involves fulfilling his potential and pursuing personal growth and achievement beyond basic needs. Therefore, the best choice is D, self-actualization needs.

Question 6

Leonard works in a company where he receives minimum wages. He does not have sufficient money to pay his medical bills. His manager offers to award him with a "Best Worker" certificate if he increases his productivity. This offer fails to motivate him. Which of the following explains Leonard's behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leonard works in a company where he...

Question 7

Argyris's theory of adult personality differs from the scientific management theory in that Argyris's theory:

Accepted Answer

Argyris's theory criticizes the principle of specialization, which is a central concept in the scientific management theory. Argyris believed that adult personality is characterized by the desire for autonomy and self-direction in work, which is hindered by the narrow and repetitive tasks associated with specialization. Therefore, he proposed a more flexible and autonomous approach to work. The other options are not related to Argyris's theory.

Question 8

According to McGregor's Theory X, _____.

Accepted Answer

McGregor's Theory X assumes that people dislike work, lack ambition, act irresponsibly, and prefer to be led, which implies that they require strict management and control in order to be productive.

Question 9

Which of the following matches correctly?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs include the basic needs for survival, including air, food, water, and shelter. Physical well-being is also included in physiological needs, as it relates to the body's overall health and functioning.

Question 10

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality, which of the following may create conditions for psychological failure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,...

Question 11

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality, which of the following creates dependent and passive workers?

Accepted Answer

Weber's bureaucracy creates dependent and passive workers because it emphasizes a hierarchical structure with clear rules and regulations. This can lead to workers feeling like they have little control over their work and that they are simply following orders.

Question 12

Margaret is a manager who assumes that her workers are willing to perform well, like responsibility, and are self-directed. She encourages them to be more involved in their jobs and grants them reasonable freedom. Margaret's subordinates are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Margaret's leadership style is one of empowerment, trust, and autonomy. This type of leadership style is likely to foster creativity, motivation, and ownership of one's work, which can result in employees taking the initiative in their work. Therefore, the most likely outcome of Margaret's leadership style would be that her subordinates take initiatives.

Question 13

According to Argyris, _____.

Accepted Answer

Argyris believed that treating people positively and as responsible adults would lead to the highest productivity. Option B is incorrect, as Argyris did not mention or address the principle of specialization. Option C is incorrect, as Argyris argued against bureaucracy and its potential negative impact on workers. Option D is incorrect, as the concept of unity of direction is a principle of management, while Argyris focused on the behavior and motivation of individuals. Option E is incorrect, as Argyris believed in the opposite of this statement and advocated for empowering workers and acknowledging their innate desire for personal growth and development.

Question 14

The worker of a company is motivated by the need for security, protection, and stability in the events of his day-to-day life. According to the progression principle, which of the following needs has already been satisfied?

Accepted Answer

The progression principle states that individuals move up the hierarchy of needs, starting with physiological needs and then progressing to safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and finally, self-actualization needs. As the worker in the question is motivated by the need for security, protection, and stability, it can be inferred that their safety needs have already been satisfied.

Question 15

Recognition is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Recognition falls under Esteem needs, as it refers to the desire for respect and acknowledgement from others, which contributes to a sense of self-worth and confidence.

Question 16

Penny is the manager at Peace, an international campaigning organization where volunteers work without being paid. According to Maslow's theory, which of the following needs should Penny focus on to increase the productivity of the volunteers?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's theory states that individuals have a hierarchy of needs, and their needs must be met in a specific order. Esteem needs refer to the desire for self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect, and the recognition of others. As volunteers at Peace are not paid, it is essential to provide them with recognition, status, and respect to motivate and appreciate their efforts. Therefore, Penny should focus on fulfilling the volunteers' esteem needs to increase their productivity.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a person's expectations about a situation or individual influence that person's behavior in ways that confirm their expectations. This often leads to a cycle where the person's expectations are continually reinforced and fulfilled.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE of managers with Theory X and Theory Y assumptions?

Accepted Answer

Managers with Theory X and Theory Y assumptions tend to create self-fulfilling prophecies because their expectations of employees' behavior can influence the employees' actual behavior. If a manager assumes that employees are lazy and need to be coerced into performing their duties, the employees may actually become less motivated and productive because of the negative expectations placed upon them. Similarly, if a manager assumes that employees are self-directed and responsible, the employees may become more motivated and productive because of the positive expectations placed upon them.

Question 19

According to McGregor's Theory Y, _____.

Accepted Answer

McGregor's Theory Y states that people are intrinsically motivated and enjoy work, are responsible, self-directed, and creative. This theory assumes that employees seek out opportunities to satisfy higher-level needs beyond just basic salary and job security. Therefore, choice A is the best option.

Question 20

At the level of _____ needs, the deficit and progression principles cease to operate.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization needs are at the top of the pyramid, indicating that they are the highest level of needs. At this level, individuals strive for personal growth, creativity, and the realization of their full potential. The deficit and progression principles do not operate at this level because they relate more to basic needs such as physiological, safety, and social needs. Self-actualization needs are more complex and subjective, and different individuals may have different ways of fulfilling them.

Quiz 2: Management Learning Past to Present