Question 1

In the regulation of body processes, the effects or hormones last longer than those of neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

Hormones act on target cells through a slower and longer-lasting process, whereas neurotransmitters act quickly and for a shorter duration. This is why hormones are critical in the regulation of body processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions.

Question 2

A major difference between endocrine and exocrine glands is that endocrine glands are ductless.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream and do not have ducts to carry their secretions to a specific location, while exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts into a specific location or body cavity.

Question 3

The hormones that are released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are synthesized by the
A)thymus gland.
B)anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
C)pineal gland.
D)posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
E)hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The hormones released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, are actually synthesized in the hypothalamus and then transported down the pituitary stalk to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.

Question 4

All of the following glands are both endocrine and exocrine except
A)the testes.
B)the pancreas.
C)the adrenal glands.
D)the ovaries.
E)All of these glands are both endocrine and exocrine.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal glands are purely endocrine, secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream, unlike the others listed which have both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Question 5

Which system in the body is similar to the endocrine system, in that it is also a regulatory system, and it also functions through chemical secretions and receptor sites?
A)Muscular system
B)Cardiovascular system
C)Integumentary system
D)Nervous system
E)Urinary system

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is similar to the endocrine system as it also functions through chemical secretions (neurotransmitters) and receptor sites (nerve cells). It is also a regulatory system, controlling various processes in the body such as movement, sensation, and emotion.

Question 6

All of the following hormones are synthesized by the pituitary gland except
A)calcitonin.
B)growth hormone.
C)prolactin.
D)thyroid-stimulating hormone.
E)luteinizing hormone.

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin is synthesized by the C cells of the thyroid gland, while the other hormones listed are synthesized by the pituitary gland.

Question 7

Exocrine glands secrete substances directly into the interstitial fluids of the body.

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts that then transport the secretion to the body's surfaces or cavities.

Question 8

If you were suddenly in a dangerous situation, which of your major endocrine glands would you expect to be activated to secrete hormones?
A)Adrenal gland
B)Thyroid gland
C)Pituitary gland
D)Hypothalamus
E)All of these endocrine glands would likely be activated during a dangerous situation.

Accepted Answer

In a dangerous situation, the body's stress response, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response, is activated. This involves several endocrine glands: the adrenal glands secrete adrenaline and cortisol, the thyroid gland adjusts metabolism, the pituitary gland releases ACTH that stimulates the adrenal glands, and the hypothalamus initiates the stress response. Thus, all these glands play a role in the body's response to danger.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of the adrenal gland?
A)The zona fasciculata is the outermost layer of the cortex.
B)All of the hormones of the adrenal cortex are steroids.
C)The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D)Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
E)All of these are true of the adrenal gland.

Accepted Answer

The zona fasciculata is actually the middle layer of the adrenal cortex, not the outermost layer. The outermost layer is the zona glomerulosa, followed by the zona fasciculata and then the zona reticularis.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of true hormones?
A)Each hormone can only influence target cells that contain receptors for it.
B)They are secreted by both endocrine or exocrine glands.
C)Some hormones influence the rates of chemical reactions in their target cells.
D)Some hormones regulate water and electrolyte balance.
E)All of these are true of true hormones.

Accepted Answer

True hormones are only secreted by endocrine glands, not exocrine glands. Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to body surfaces (e.g. sweat glands, salivary glands), while endocrine glands secrete their products directly into the bloodstream to exert their effects on target cells throughout the body.

Question 11

After ovulation, the remnants of the follicle become an endocrine structure called the
A)corpus albicans.
B)theca.
C)corpus luteum.
D)antrum.
E)tunica albuginea.

Accepted Answer

After ovulation, the remnants of the follicle become the corpus luteum, which is responsible for secreting progesterone and maintaining the endometrial lining for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. The corpus albicans is formed when the corpus luteum regresses, the theca is a layer of cells within the follicle, the antrum is the fluid-filled space within the follicle, and the tunica albuginea is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the ovary.

Question 12

Which of the following endocrine glands is composed of 2 different regions, one consisting of glandular epithelial tissue, and the other consisting of nervous tissue?
A)The pineal gland
B)The thymus gland
C)The parathyroid gland
D)The pituitary gland
E)The thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is composed of two regions, the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary is made up of glandular epithelial tissue, while the posterior pituitary is composed of nervous tissue.

Question 13

Milk synthesis in females is stimulated by the hormone ________, while milk ejection is stimulated by ________.
A)oxytocin; prolactin
B)aldosterone; cortisol
C)prolactin; oxytocin
D)LH; FSH
E)estrogen; progesterone

Accepted Answer

Prolactin stimulates milk synthesis, while oxytocin stimulates milk ejection.

Question 14

Which of the following antagonistic hormones keep the blood calcium level balanced?
A)Aldosterone and cortisol
B)Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
C)Epinephrine and norepinephrine
D)FSH and LH
E)ADH and OT

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are antagonistic hormones that work together to regulate blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the kidneys and intestines, while calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium deposition in bones and decreasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 15

Which of the following hormones causes water retention by the kidneys in times of dehydration?
A)Glucagon
B)ADH
C)Somatostatin
D)PTH
E)Adrenal androgens

Accepted Answer

ADH (antidiuretic hormone), also known as vasopressin, is released by the pituitary gland in response to dehydration. Its main function is to increase the permeability of the kidneys to water, allowing for increased water reabsorption and retention in the body. This helps to prevent further dehydration and maintain fluid balance.

Question 16

What is a paracrine secretion?
A)A secretion that is released into the interstitial fluid and transported by the blood
B)A secretion that affects the cell that secreted it
C)A secretion that is released onto an internal body surface
D)A secretion that is released onto the skin
E)A secretion that affects neighboring cells

Accepted Answer

Paracrine secretion refers to the release of signaling molecules or hormones that affect nearby cells, but not the cells that secreted them. Therefore, option E is the correct answer.

Question 17

The theca folliculi, which surrounds mature follicles in the ovary, produces androgens (male sex hormones).

Accepted Answer

The theca folliculi does produce androgens, which are converted to estrogen by the granulosa cells in the ovary.

Question 18

The hormones FSH and LH have no functions in the male.

Accepted Answer

FSH and LH play important roles in the male reproductive system. FSH stimulates the production of sperm in the testes, while LH stimulates the production of testosterone in the testes.

Question 19

Which of the following endocrine glands secretes 2 antagonistic hormones?
A)The pancreas
B)The ovaries
C)The thyroid gland
D)The adrenal medulla
E)The pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, two hormones with opposing effects on blood glucose levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose, while glucagon raises it, making them antagonistic.

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of the hormone TSH?
A)It is synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland.
B)Its target is the thyroid gland.
C)It stimulates the release of thyroid hormones.
D)Due to negative feedback, a low level of thyroid hormones will inhibit the release of TSH.
E)All of these are true of the hormone TSH.

Accepted Answer

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) is actually stimulated, not inhibited, by low levels of thyroid hormones due to negative feedback. When thyroid hormone levels are low, the hypothalamus releases TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone), which then stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release TSH. TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones, thereby increasing their levels in the blood.

Quiz 40: Endocrine Structure and Function

In the regulation of body processes, the effects or hormones last longer than those of neurotransmitters.

A major difference between endocrine and exocrine glands is that endocrine glands are ductless.

The hormones that are released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are synthesized by the

All of the following glands are both endocrine and exocrine except

Which system in the body is similar to the endocrine system, in that it is also a regulatory system, and it also functions through chemical secretions and receptor sites?

All of the following hormones are synthesized by the pituitary gland except

Exocrine glands secrete substances directly into the interstitial fluids of the body.

If you were suddenly in a dangerous situation, which of your major endocrine glands would you expect to be activated to secrete hormones?

Which of the following is not true of the adrenal gland?

Which of the following is not true of true hormones?

After ovulation, the remnants of the follicle become an endocrine structure called the

Which of the following endocrine glands is composed of 2 different regions, one consisting of glandular epithelial tissue, and the other consisting of nervous tissue?

Milk synthesis in females is stimulated by the hormone , while milk ejection is stimulated by .

Which of the following antagonistic hormones keep the blood calcium level balanced?

Which of the following hormones causes water retention by the kidneys in times of dehydration?

What is a paracrine secretion?

The theca folliculi, which surrounds mature follicles in the ovary, produces androgens (male sex hormones).

The hormones FSH and LH have no functions in the male.

Which of the following endocrine glands secretes 2 antagonistic hormones?

Which of the following is not true of the hormone TSH?