Question 1

Which of the following organelles provide additional surface area for absorption?
A)Cilia
B)Microvilli
C)Ribosomes
D)Flagella
E)Centrioles

Accepted Answer

Microvilli are finger-like projections on the surface of a cell that increase its surface area, which allows for greater absorption of nutrients or other substances. Cilia and flagella are involved in movement, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and centrioles are involved in cell division.

Question 2

All of the organelles in the cell are membrane-bound.

Accepted Answer

Not all organelles in the cell are membrane-bound; for example, ribosomes are not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 3

The nuclear envelope is a double-layered membrane, like the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

The nuclear envelope is indeed a double-layered membrane similar in structure to the plasma membrane.

Question 4

Which of the following organelles are sometimes called "suicide sacs," because they are able to destroy the whole cell?
A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Lysosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Centrioles

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain enzymes that can break down and digest the cell's own organelles or even the entire cell. This process is called autolysis and is often used by the cell to self-destruct in order to prevent the spread of harmful substances or to make way for new cells during development.

Question 5

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a group of flattened sacs that packages glycoproteins to be transported around the cell or excreted.

Accepted Answer

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins, particularly those that will be secreted from the cell or inserted into cellular membranes. It is the Golgi apparatus that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following organelles is sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell, because of its role in ATP production?
A)Golgi apparatus
B)Centrosome
C)Lysosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Peroxisomes

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria is sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell because it produces the majority of the ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy carrier molecule in cells. Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell or for secretion outside the cell. Centrosome is involved in cell division and contains centrioles. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules and cellular waste. Peroxisomes are involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

Question 7

The best way to observe cheek cells is under a dissecting microscope; they are too large to view under a compound light microscope.

Accepted Answer

Cheek cells are actually small enough to be observed under a compound light microscope. However, a dissecting microscope may provide better clarity and make it easier to observe the three-dimensional structure of the cells.

Question 8

The nucleolus is the site of DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

The nucleolus is responsible for ribosome assembly and production, not DNA replication. DNA replication primarily takes place in the nucleus.

Question 9

All of the following are true of the plasma membrane, except
A)it is mainly composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
B)it is selectively permeable to various substances, controlling which substances can cross the membrane.
C)the glycocalyx provides structural integrity to the plasma membrane.
D)transmembrane proteins may function as ion channels, enzymes, or receptors.
E)charged or large molecules can sometimes enter a cell via membrane proteins.

Accepted Answer

The glycocalyx does not provide structural integrity to the plasma membrane, but rather serves as a protective layer and participates in cell-cell recognition and communication. The phospholipid bilayer, selective permeability, and functions of transmembrane proteins are all true of the plasma membrane. While most charged or large molecules cannot freely cross the membrane, they may gain entry through facilitated diffusion or active transport via membrane proteins.

Question 10

All of the following structures are involved in motility, except
A)microvilli.
B)cilia.
C)microtubules.
D)microfilaments.
E)flagella.

Accepted Answer

Microvilli are involved in absorption and not in motility. Cilia, flagella, microtubules, and microfilaments are all involved in various aspects of motility, such as moving cells or substances within cells.

Question 11

All of the following structures are found in (or surrounding)the nucleus of a cell, except the ________.
A)centrioles
B)chromatin
C)nucleolus
D)nuclear envelope
E)nuclear pores

Accepted Answer

Centrioles are organelles found in animal cells, but they are not located within or surrounding the nucleus. The other structures listed are all specific to the nucleus either within or surrounding it.

Question 12

What is the difference in function between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
A)The rough ER produces ATP, while the smooth ER does not.
B)The rough ER helps with cellular movements, while the smooth ER does not.
C)The rough ER conducts lipid synthesis, while the smooth ER conducts protein synthesis.
D)The rough ER breaks down lipids, while the smooth ER breaks down proteins and debris.
E)The rough ER conducts protein synthesis, while the smooth ER conducts lipid synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and primarily involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is (E) the rough ER conducts protein synthesis, while the smooth ER conducts lipid synthesis.

Question 13

The cytosol and cytoplasmic organelles are components of the ________.
A)cytoskeleton
B)cytoplasm
C)mitochondria
D)nucleus
E)plasma membrane

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm includes both the cytosol (the fluid within the cell) and the cytoplasmic organelles (such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum). Therefore, B is the correct answer choice.

Question 14

All of the following are true of the centrioles, except
A)they are located within the centrosome.
B)they are part of the cytoskeleton.
C)they consist of microtubules.
D)they organize the mitotic spindle during cell division.
E)they are nonmembranous organelles.

Accepted Answer

The centrioles are not part of the cytoskeleton, rather they are a specialized organelle within the centrosome that consists of microtubules. They play a crucial role in organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division and are nonmembranous organelles.

Question 15

What do lysosomes and peroxisomes have in common?
A)They both have specific roles in cell division
B)They are both involved in ATP production for the cell.
C)They are both vesicles (sacs)of enzymes.
D)They both produce proteins for the cell.
E)They are both part of the cytoskeleton.

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes and peroxisomes are both vesicles filled with enzymes. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, while peroxisomes contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and amino acids and neutralize reactive oxygen species.

Question 16

The plasma membrane of a cell can also be called the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane and cell membrane are two terms used interchangeably to refer to the same structure that separates the inside of a cell from the outside environment.

Quiz 5: Cell Structure and Function

Which of the following organelles provide additional surface area for absorption?

All of the organelles in the cell are membrane-bound.

The nuclear envelope is a double-layered membrane, like the plasma membrane.

Which of the following organelles are sometimes called "suicide sacs," because they are able to destroy the whole cell?

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a group of flattened sacs that packages glycoproteins to be transported around the cell or excreted.

Which of the following organelles is sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell, because of its role in ATP production?

The best way to observe cheek cells is under a dissecting microscope; they are too large to view under a compound light microscope.

The nucleolus is the site of DNA replication.

All of the following are true of the plasma membrane, except

All of the following structures are involved in motility, except

All of the following structures are found in (or surrounding) the nucleus of a cell, except the ________.

What is the difference in function between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ?

The cytosol and cytoplasmic organelles are components of the ________.

All of the following are true of the centrioles, except

What do lysosomes and peroxisomes have in common?

The plasma membrane of a cell can also be called the cell membrane.