Question 1

An ABAB design is preferred to a multiple-baseline design if the treatment is expected to have a permanent or long lasting effect.​

Accepted Answer

A multiple-baseline design is preferred in situations where it is not ethical or feasible to withdraw treatment once it has been effective. It allows for a comparison of baseline and treatment phases across different settings or behaviors. In contrast, an ABAB design involves withdrawing treatment to see if behavior returns to baseline levels, which may not be ethical or practical in some cases.

Question 2

A clear indication of a treatment effect is a gradual change in behavior after the treatment is initiated.​

Accepted Answer

A gradual change in behavior after treatment indicates that the treatment is having an effect. This is often seen in behavioral interventions where targeted behaviors improve over time as a result of the treatment.

Question 3

The success of a single-subject experiment depends on demonstrating that behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time.​

Accepted Answer

The success of a single-subject experiment depends on demonstrating that the behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time to ensure that the changes in behavior are not due to chance or other factors. This approach is known as the ABAB design, and it is a useful way to determine whether a treatment is effective for an individual participant.

Question 4

If a clinician wanted to determine whether a specific treatment causes a change in a client's behavior,a single-subject design could be used.​

Accepted Answer

Single-subject designs involve measuring the behavior of a single individual before, during, and after the implementation of a treatment. This allows clinicians to determine whether the treatment is effective in changing the behavior of that particular client.

Question 5

In the notation for single-subject designs (e.g.,ABAB),the letter B represents the baseline phase.​

Accepted Answer

In single-subject designs, the letter A represents the baseline phase, while the letter B represents the intervention or treatment phase.

Question 6

In a single-subject phase change study,it does not matter how long it takes for behavior to change after a phase change as long as there eventually is a large change in behavior.​

Accepted Answer

In a single-subject phase change study, the focus is on observing changes in behavior across different phases, regardless of the time it takes for those changes to occur. The goal is to identify whether there is a significant difference in behavior between the phases, rather than to determine the specific time frame in which the change occurs.

Question 7

When a treatment is expected to have long lasting effects,a multiple-baseline design is the most appropriate single-subject design.​

Accepted Answer

Multiple-baseline design involves implementing the intervention at different times across multiple settings or behaviors of the same individual or different individuals. It allows the researcher to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the intervention and behavior change, even if the effect is observed at different points in time or across different behaviors. This design is particularly useful when the effect of the intervention is expected to have long-lasting effects, as it enables the researcher to demonstrate the stability of the effect over time. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 8

The alternating-treatments design does not consist of phases or phase changes.

Accepted Answer

The alternating-treatments design involves alternating between two or more treatments and does not involve distinct phases or phase changes.

Question 9

A multiple-baseline design requires that the targeted behavior return to baseline levels when the treatment is removed.​

Accepted Answer

A multiple-baseline design does not require the targeted behavior to return to baseline levels when the treatment is removed; instead, it involves introducing the intervention at different times across settings, behaviors, or subjects to demonstrate the effect of the intervention.

Question 10

The goal of single-subject designs is to demonstrate that the manipulation of a treatment is responsible for causing changes in behavior.

Accepted Answer

Single-subject designs are used to directly demonstrate the relationship between the manipulation of a treatment and changes in behavior within an individual participant. This is typically achieved through repeated measurements of behavior during different phases of the study, allowing for the comparison of behavior before and after the introduction of the treatment.

Question 11

The optimal length of a phase is three observations.​

Accepted Answer

The optimal length of a phase is three observations because it allows for the detection of trends and patterns in the data while minimizing the risk of overfitting.

Question 12

In a multiple-baseline design,there is only one phase change,from baseline to treatment.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a multiple-baseline design,there is only one...

Question 13

A baseline phase consists of a series of observations made immediately after a treatment is introduced.​

Accepted Answer

A baseline phase consists of a series of observations made before the treatment is introduced to establish a reference point for comparing the effects of the treatment.

Question 14

A multiple-baseline design requires two groups of participants.​

Accepted Answer

A multiple-baseline design involves collecting baseline data from the same participant or group of participants at different times or under different conditions. It does not require two separate groups of participants.

Question 15

Behavior that shows a consistent increase from one observation to the next during a baseline phase is an example of unstable behavior.​

Accepted Answer

Unstable behavior refers to erratic, inconsistent fluctuations in the data, whereas a consistent increase from one observation to the next would suggest a stable, reliable trend in the behavior. Therefore, the statement is false.

Question 16

Single-subject designs provide data that can be evaluated with traditional tests of significance.​

Accepted Answer

Single-subject designs can provide data that can be evaluated with traditional tests of significance, such as t-tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA). However, it is important to note that the focus of single-subject designs is typically on individual behavior patterns and trends over time, rather than group differences or comparisons.

Question 17

If a researcher is planning an ABAB design but the participant does not respond to the treatment,the researcher can simply switch to a new treatment and begin a more complex phase-change design.​

Accepted Answer

In an ABAB design, if the initial treatment is ineffective, the researcher can adapt the study by introducing a new treatment, transitioning to a more complex phase-change design to assess the effectiveness of the alternative intervention. This flexibility allows for the exploration of more suitable interventions within the same experimental framework.

Question 18

To be successful,a single-subject experiment must have stable data in each phase before moving to the next phase.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of To be successful,a single-subject experiment must have...

Question 19

Single-subject research (compared to group designs)cannot demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship with only one participant.​

Accepted Answer

Single-subject research can demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by using repeated measures and experimental control, even with only one participant.

Question 20

The changing-criterion design would be appropriate for gradually increasing the number of pages read per week by an eighth-grade child.​

Accepted Answer

The changing-criterion design involves gradually increasing or decreasing a criterion for a behavior over time to facilitate behavior change. In this case, the behavior is the number of pages read per week by an eighth-grade child, and the goal is to increase it. Therefore, the changing-criterion design would be an appropriate choice.

Quiz 14: Single-Subject Research Designs.

An ABAB design is preferred to a multiple-baseline design if the treatment is expected to have a permanent or long lasting effect.​

A clear indication of a treatment effect is a gradual change in behavior after the treatment is initiated.​

The success of a single-subject experiment depends on demonstrating that behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time.​

If a clinician wanted to determine whether a specific treatment causes a change in a client's behavior,a single-subject design could be used.​

In the notation for single-subject designs (e.g.,ABAB),the letter B represents the baseline phase.​

In a single-subject phase change study,it does not matter how long it takes for behavior to change after a phase change as long as there eventually is a large change in behavior.​

When a treatment is expected to have long lasting effects,a multiple-baseline design is the most appropriate single-subject design.​

The alternating-treatments design does not consist of phases or phase changes.

A multiple-baseline design requires that the targeted behavior return to baseline levels when the treatment is removed.​

The goal of single-subject designs is to demonstrate that the manipulation of a treatment is responsible for causing changes in behavior.

The optimal length of a phase is three observations.​

In a multiple-baseline design,there is only one phase change,from baseline to treatment.​

A baseline phase consists of a series of observations made immediately after a treatment is introduced.​

A multiple-baseline design requires two groups of participants.​

Behavior that shows a consistent increase from one observation to the next during a baseline phase is an example of unstable behavior.​

Single-subject designs provide data that can be evaluated with traditional tests of significance.​

If a researcher is planning an ABAB design but the participant does not respond to the treatment,the researcher can simply switch to a new treatment and begin a more complex phase-change design.​

To be successful,a single-subject experiment must have stable data in each phase before moving to the next phase.​

Single-subject research (compared to group designs)cannot demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship with only one participant.​

The changing-criterion design would be appropriate for gradually increasing the number of pages read per week by an eighth-grade child.​

An ABAB design is preferred to a multiple-baseline design if the treatment is expected to have a permanent or long lasting effect.

A clear indication of a treatment effect is a gradual change in behavior after the treatment is initiated.

The success of a single-subject experiment depends on demonstrating that behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time.

If a clinician wanted to determine whether a specific treatment causes a change in a client's behavior,a single-subject design could be used.

In the notation for single-subject designs (e.g.,ABAB),the letter B represents the baseline phase.

In a single-subject phase change study,it does not matter how long it takes for behavior to change after a phase change as long as there eventually is a large change in behavior.

When a treatment is expected to have long lasting effects,a multiple-baseline design is the most appropriate single-subject design.

A multiple-baseline design requires that the targeted behavior return to baseline levels when the treatment is removed.

The optimal length of a phase is three observations.

In a multiple-baseline design,there is only one phase change,from baseline to treatment.

A baseline phase consists of a series of observations made immediately after a treatment is introduced.

A multiple-baseline design requires two groups of participants.

Behavior that shows a consistent increase from one observation to the next during a baseline phase is an example of unstable behavior.

Single-subject designs provide data that can be evaluated with traditional tests of significance.

If a researcher is planning an ABAB design but the participant does not respond to the treatment,the researcher can simply switch to a new treatment and begin a more complex phase-change design.

To be successful,a single-subject experiment must have stable data in each phase before moving to the next phase.

Single-subject research (compared to group designs)cannot demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship with only one participant.

The changing-criterion design would be appropriate for gradually increasing the number of pages read per week by an eighth-grade child.