Question 1

Secondary data analysis is the act of compiling or analyzing data that were originally collected by someone else at another time.

Accepted Answer

Secondary data analysis involves using data that were previously collected by someone else, either for a different purpose or at a different time, in order to answer a research question or test a hypothesis. This can include using publicly available data sets, such as census data or survey results, or obtaining data from published research studies.

Question 2

The Freedom of Information Act stipulates that all persons have a right to access all federal agency records unless ______.

Accepted Answer

The Freedom of Information Act provides for certain exemptions, such as records that contain classified information, trade secrets, and personal privacy information. Therefore, not all federal agency records are accessible under the Act.

Question 3

Researchers who conclude they are being denied access to public records of the federal government may be able to obtain the data by ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers who conclude they are being denied...

Question 4

Because content analysis involves coding and categorizing text and discovering relationships among constructs in text, among other things, it bears some similarities to ______ analysis.

Accepted Answer

Content analysis is a qualitative research method that involves analyzing written or spoken communication. Therefore, the best choice is C, which is qualitative data. The other choices (A, B, D) don't accurately describe the process of content analysis.

Question 5

Content analysis methods usually begin with ______.

Accepted Answer

Content analysis methods typically analyze text, speech broadcasts, or visual images as primary sources of data, making option B the best choice. While written or visual images can also be analyzed using content analysis methods, it is less common to do so without additional textual data. Speeches or television broadcasts may be analyzed using content analysis, but option B provides a more comprehensive answer. Surveys supplemented by text are not usually used as primary sources of data in content analysis methods.

Question 6

Social networks are types of relationships that can include many forms.

Accepted Answer

Social networks can include various types of relationships such as family, friends, acquaintances, colleagues, and even strangers.

Question 7

To ensure adequate representation of community newspapers in large cities, a(n) ______ sample might be the best choice

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling is the best choice to ensure adequate representation of community newspapers in large cities. In this method, the population is divided into different strata or groups based on characteristics such as location or type of newspaper. A random sample is then taken from each stratum, ensuring that all groups are represented proportionally. This method is effective in ensuring that smaller sub-groups, such as community newspapers, are adequately represented in the overall sample.

Question 8

The categories into which the text units are to be coded must be ______.

Accepted Answer

The categories into which the text units are to be coded must be defined, meaning they must be clearly and specifically identified and characterized. Denoting refers to marking or indicating, computing refers to mathematical calculations, and programming refers to creating software. None of these accurately describe the process of categorizing text units.

Question 9

The systematic, objective, quantitative analysis of message characteristic is ______ analysis.

Accepted Answer

Content analysis involves systematically analyzing and interpreting messages, including their verbal and visual characteristics. It is often used to study media content, advertising, speeches, and other forms of communication. Contextual analysis focuses on the broader social and cultural context in which communication takes place, while quantitative analysis involves using numerical data to analyze patterns and relationships. Tertiary analysis refers to the synthesis of multiple studies or sources of data.

Question 10

Responsible use of secondary data requires a good understanding of the ______.

Accepted Answer

Responsible use of secondary data necessitates a thorough understanding of the primary data source to ensure the data's relevance, accuracy, and integrity in the context of the current research.

Question 11

The goal of a content analysis is to develop inferences from ______.

Accepted Answer

The goal of content analysis is to analyze communication in any form, which may include a mixture of oral, written, and nonverbal communication. Therefore, option A is the most comprehensive and accurate choice.

Question 12

Taylor, et al. (2013) found that male and female children were equally likely to have been abducted by family, but the print media was more likely to ______.

Accepted Answer

Taylor, et al. (2013) discovered that while boys and girls were equally likely to be abducted by family members, the print media showed a bias by reporting more frequently on cases involving female victims.

Question 13

In a content analysis, items such as newspaper articles or political conventions may be the ______.

Accepted Answer

Units of analysis refers to the specific elements or segments in a communication that are studied in a content analysis. In this case, newspaper articles or political conventions are the individual units of analysis being examined.

Question 14

Subject confidentiality is a key concern when ______.

Accepted Answer

All of these options can potentially involve the need for subject confidentiality. When original records are analyzed, identifying information may be present and need to be protected. When the ICPSR examines data in the archive, they must ensure that any identifying information is removed before use. Even if using secondary data, if some identifying information is still present, confidentiality must be maintained to protect the subjects.

Question 15

A node is another name for a graph representing social configurations

Accepted Answer

A node is a single point in a graph or network, representing an entity or individual. It can be used to represent individuals in a social network graph, but a node does not exclusively refer to social configurations. So option B is correct.

Question 16

Bichler, Lim, and Larin (2017) performed an SNA regarding the Red River killings.

Accepted Answer

Bichler, Lim, and Larin (2017) did not perform a Social Network Analysis (SNA) regarding the Red River killings; their work focused on different topics related to criminology and social network analysis, but not specifically on the Red River killings.

Question 17

Researchers who rely on secondary data inevitably make trade-offs between their ability to use a particular data set and ______.

Accepted Answer

Researchers who use secondary data may be limited in their ability to test specific hypotheses, as they are working with data that was collected for a different purpose. They may also have limited control over the data set they are using, as it was collected by someone else. However, the trade-off is often worth it, as collecting primary data can be time-consuming, expensive, and may pose ethical concerns.

Question 18

Social network analysis and crime mapping are common techniques used ______.

Accepted Answer

Social network analysis and crime mapping can be used for both proactive measures of reducing, disrupting, and preventing crime, as well as reactive measures of responding to crime. By analyzing social networks and mapping crime hotspots, law enforcement agencies can identify potential offenders and crime patterns to intervene and prevent crime from occurring. They can also use this information to respond quickly and strategically to crimes that have already occurred.

Question 19

There are only two types of secondary data.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. There are two main types of secondary data: internal and external. Internal data is information collected and analyzed by the organization itself, while external data is obtained from outside sources such as government reports, industry publications, and market research studies.

Question 20

The content analyst creates variables for analysis by ______.

Accepted Answer

The content analyst creates variables for analysis by counting occurrences of particular words, themes, or phrases.

Quiz 9: Analyzing Content and Police Data: Social-Network Analysis, Crime Mapping, Big Data, and Content Analysis