Question 1

Jacob has been pressured by his father to take over the family farm. Reluctantly, Jacob has agreed to this identity status because that is what is best for his parents. He has not explored his options, but has passively accepted the identity his father imposed on him. From James Marcia's model, which of the following identity statuses can Jacob's be categorised as?

Accepted Answer

Foreclosure is the identity status in which an individual has not had the opportunity to explore different identity options and has prematurely committed to an identity based on the expectations of others. In this scenario, Jacob has not explored his options and has agreed to the identity his father has imposed on him, making him an example of foreclosure.

Question 2

According to Phinney, what ethnic identity status involves associating only with members of one's own ethnic group and rejecting the ways of the majority culture?

Accepted Answer

This ethnic identity status is known as separation, as individuals with this status completely separate themselves from the majority culture and only associate with members of their own ethnic group.

Question 3

You are reading a story about an Aboriginal Native in Australia who rejected his ethnic culture to assimilate into the majority culture and is living in Melbourne. However, he is having difficulty in his new role since he is not being fully accepted by members of the majority culture. According to Phinney, what ethnic identity status has the character in this story taken?

Accepted Answer

The character is experiencing marginality, as he has rejected his own ethnic culture to assimilate into the majority culture but is not fully accepted by the majority culture either.

Question 4

An emerging adult who grows up in urban Mexico and combines the local culture, such as the importance of obligations to family, with elements of the global culture, such as using global media, is an example of a ____.

Accepted Answer

A bicultural identity involves combining aspects of both the local and global cultures. The individual in the scenario is growing up in urban Mexico, which suggests a local culture is present, but also uses global media, which suggests exposure to the global culture. The concept of a "hybrid identity" may also apply in this scenario, but the term "bicultural" more specifically describes the combination of local and global elements. "Marginalised identity" and "multi-identity" do not accurately reflect the scenario presented.

Question 5

According to Phinney, what ethnic identity status is the most common among Mexican Americans and Asian Americans, as well as some European minority groups such as Turkish individuals living in the Netherlands?

Accepted Answer

Phinney states that the most common ethnic identity status for Mexican Americans and Asian Americans, as well as some European minority groups such as Turkish individuals living in the Netherlands, is biculturalism. Biculturalism is the state of having a strong connection and identification with both one's ethnic group and the dominant culture. This status involves balancing values, customs, and beliefs from both cultures and being comfortable navigating between them.

Question 6

According to the text, limitations on exploration in both love and work are narrower for ____.

Accepted Answer

Girls in developing countries often face more significant limitations on exploration in both love and work due to cultural, societal, and sometimes legal restrictions.

Question 7

Because of globalisation, more young people around the world now have one part of their identity rooted in their local culture while another part stems from an awareness of their relation to the global culture. What do scholars call this type of identity?

Accepted Answer

Bicultural identity refers to the phenomenon where individuals identify with both their local culture and a global or different culture, often due to the effects of globalization.

Question 8

Which of the following terms best describes an ethnic group or ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

An ethnic group or ethnicity refers to a group of people who share a common culture, language, history, and/or ancestry. The terms listed in option A reference specific ethnic groups and their cultural backgrounds, making it the best choice. Option B lists broad racial categories, which do not necessarily indicate shared cultural or ancestral backgrounds. Option C lists nationalities, which also do not necessarily indicate shared cultural or ancestral backgrounds. Option D lists genetic classifications, which are not relevant when describing ethnicity or cultural identity.

Question 9

____ involves leaving behind the ways of one's ethnic group and adopting the values and way of life of the majority culture, whereas ____ involves rejecting one's culture of origin but also feeling rejected by the majority culture.

Accepted Answer

The first blank refers to assimilation, while the second blank refers to marginality. Assimilation involves adopting the values of the majority culture, while marginality involves feeling disconnected from one's own culture and also feeling rejected by the majority culture. Therefore, option B correctly matches the definitions to their corresponding terms.

Question 10

The results of Australian Human Rights Commission research show a clear trend towards more ____ gender attitudes in recent decades.

Accepted Answer

The word "egalitarian" means promoting equality between different sexes, so an increase in egalitarian attitudes implies a move towards greater gender equality. The other options ("polarised," "sexist," and "discriminatory") all suggest a negative trend, which is not supported by the research cited in the statement.

Question 11

When you first met, your roommate told you that he was Native American. Other than him telling you that he was Native American, there really is little suggestion of his ethnicity. According to Phinney, what ethnic identity status has your roommate taken?

Accepted Answer

Phinney defines assimilation as a state where an individual identifies more with the dominant culture and less with their own ethnic group. In this scenario, there is little suggestion of the roommate's ethnicity beyond him telling the person he is Native American. This suggests that the roommate may be attempting to assimilate into the dominant culture.

Question 12

Recent research by Farver, Bhadha and Narang (2002) found that adolescents from ethnic groups who are bicultural or assimilated have ____.

Accepted Answer

Farver, Bhadha, and Narang's research found that bicultural or assimilated adolescents from ethnic groups had higher self-esteem than those who were unicultural.

Question 13

Your family is African American. Your brother is able to act in accordance with his ethnic background or with the majority culture when he deems it appropriate. He has developed a dual identity in this regard. According to Phinney, what ethnic identity status has your brother taken?

Accepted Answer

According to Phinney's ethnic identity model, biculturalism is the stage where an individual can navigate between their ethnic identity and the mainstream culture without losing either. As the brother is able to switch between his ethnic background and the majority culture, he has developed a duality that aligns with the biculturalism stage.

Question 14

A ____ is when an individual has one part of their identity rooted in their local culture while another part stems from an awareness of their relation to the global culture.

Accepted Answer

Bicultural identity refers to an individual's identity being rooted in both their local culture and their relation to the global culture. A split identity would suggest a feeling of division or conflict within one's identity, while marginalised identity refers to being excluded or pushed to the margins of society. Multi-identity may be a valid term, but it does not accurately capture the specific concept described in the question.

Question 15

Because adolescents and emerging adults who are members of ethnic minorities have to confront ethnic identity issues, their identity development is likely to be more ____.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents and emerging adults who are members of ethnic minorities have to confront ethnic identity issues and navigate between the expectations and norms of their minority culture and the mainstream culture. This makes their identity development more complex, as they have to reconcile conflicting values and beliefs.

Question 16

____ is the approach that involves associating only with members of one's own ethnic group and rejecting the ways of the majority culture, whereas _____ involves developing a dual identity, one based in the ethnic group of origin and one based in the majority culture.

Accepted Answer

The first approach described is separation, which involves rejecting the majority culture and associating only with one's own ethnic group. The second approach described is biculturalism, which involves developing a dual identity that incorporates both the ethnic group of origin and the majority culture. Marginality and assimilation are not accurate descriptions of the approaches described.

Question 17

The results of Australian Human Rights Commission research show that ______ are increasingly taking on leadership roles in organisations.

Accepted Answer

The research found that women are increasingly taking on leadership roles in organisations.

Question 18

Your roommate is from an urban area in Mexico. Culturally, she has a very strong commitment to her family. To stay in contact with her family, she uses Facebook and her cell phone to talk and to text. In terms of identity, she has a ____.

Accepted Answer

A bicultural identity refers to someone who identifies with two or more cultures. In this case, the roommate identifies with her Mexican culture as well as the American culture she is experiencing while living with a roommate. Her commitment to family and use of technology to stay connected shows that her cultural identity is an important aspect of who she is.

Question 19

According to Phinney, what ethnic identity status is the most common among African American adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Separation is the most common ethnic identity status among African American adolescents, as they often emphasize their own cultural identity over integrating with the dominant culture.

Question 20

According to Phinney, what ethnic identity status is the most common among Native American adolescents?

Accepted Answer

According to Phinney, marginality is the most common ethnic identity status among Native American adolescents.

Quiz 9: Emerging Adulthood