Question 1

Who was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology?

Accepted Answer

William James was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology titled "Principles of Psychology" in 1890. William James was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology. His book, "The Principles of Psychology," was published in 1890 and helped establish psychology as a legitimate scientific field of study.

Question 2

The way we encode, process, store, and retrieve information is the primary concern of the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective focuses on how people gather, process, and store information, and how it is retrieved when needed. This perspective is concerned with mental processes such as perception, attention, language, memory, and problem-solving. Therefore, D is the correct answer. The other perspectives focus on different aspects of psychology: neuroscience on the biological basis of behavior, evolutionary on how behavior evolved over time, and social-cultural on how culture and society shape behavior. The cognitive perspective is all about how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. It deals with how we perceive, think, and solve problems. The neuroscience perspective focuses on the role of the brain and nervous system in behavior and mental processes. The evolutionary perspective looks at how behavior and mental processes have evolved over time through natural selection. The social-cultural perspective examines how cultural and social factors influence behavior and mental processes.

Question 3

The early school of psychology that used introspection was known as

Accepted Answer

The early school of psychology that used introspection was known as structuralism. Introspection is the act of looking inward to examine one's own thoughts, feelings, and sensations, which was the primary method used by structuralists to study the structure of the mind. Psychiatry is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, behaviorism is a later school of psychology that emphasizes behaviors as the focus of study rather than mental processes, and naturalism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of studying the natural world using scientific methods.

Question 4

The Greek philosopher who believed that intelligence was inherited was

Accepted Answer

Plato believed in the concept of innate ideas and that intelligence and abilities were inherited rather than acquired through learning and experience. Plato believed in the concept of innate ideas and that intelligence and knowledge were not solely acquired through experience but were also inherited.

Question 5

Which perspective would be most helpful for understanding the role of retrieval practice on long-term memory of information?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval practice involves the cognitive process of accessing and retrieving stored information from one's memory. Therefore, the cognitive perspective, which focuses on mental processes such as memory and perception, would be most helpful for understanding the role of retrieval practice on long-term memory of information. Retrieval practice involves the cognitive processes of memory, such as encoding and retrieval. Therefore, the cognitive perspective would be the most helpful for understanding the role of retrieval practice on long-term memory of information.

Question 6

A psychologist who studies how worker productivity might be increased by changing office layout is engaged in ________ research.

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is looking to solve a practical problem of how to increase worker productivity, which falls under the umbrella of applied research. Basic research, on the other hand, seeks to enhance fundamental understanding of psychological processes, while clinical research focuses on the study of mental illnesses and treatment options. Developmental research examines how individuals develop over their lifespan. The psychologist's research is focused on increasing worker productivity, which is an applied research question. Therefore, the correct answer is A) applied research. Basic research seeks to increase scientific knowledge, clinical research focuses on health-related issues, and developmental research examines how people change and develop throughout their lives.

Question 7

In the context of debates over the origins of ideas, nature is to nurture as ________ is to Locke.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of debates over the...

Question 8

The first psychology laboratory was established by ________ in the year________.

Accepted Answer

The first psychology laboratory was established by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, Germany. The first psychology laboratory was established by Wilhelm Wundt in the year 1879 at the University of Leipzig in Germany.

Question 9

Testing your ability to recall information you have just studied improves your long- term retention of that information. Psychologists have referred to this as

Accepted Answer

The testing effect is the practice of testing oneself on recently learned material to increase retention. The testing effect refers to the phenomenon where practicing retrieval of information from memory, such as through self-testing or quizzes, leads to improved long-term retention of that information. SQ3R is a study method that involves surveying, questioning, reading, reciting, and reviewing, but it does not specifically refer to the testing effect. Introspection is a process of examining one's own thoughts and feelings, and while it may be involved in studying and remembering information, it is not specifically related to the testing effect. Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on promoting well-being and positive mental health, and it is not directly related to the testing effect.

Question 10

Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inherited traits are to learned habits as...

Question 11

Two historical roots of psychology are the disciplines of

Accepted Answer

Psychology has its roots in philosophy and biology. Philosophers have long pondered questions about the mind and human behavior, while biologists have studied the physical and biological processes that underlie those behaviors. The combination of these two disciplines ultimately led to the development of psychology as a separate scientific field. Psychology has its historical roots in both philosophy and biology. Philosophy provided the initial framework for the study of the mind and consciousness, while biology contributed insights into how the brain and nervous system work.

Question 12

(Close-Up) A major principle underlying the SQ3R study method is that

Accepted Answer

The SQ3R study method emphasizes active processing of material, which has been shown to enhance learning and memory retention. The other options, while related to study methods, are not specific to the principles of SQ3R. The SQ3R study method emphasizes active processing of material in order to improve learning and retention.

Question 13

Dr. Ernst explains behavior in terms of different situations. Dr. Ernst is working from the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ernst's focus on different situations indicates that he is looking at how cultural and social factors influence behavior, which is the perspective of the social-cultural approach. The behavioral perspective focuses on observable behavior and reinforcement, the evolutionary perspective looks at how behavior has evolved over time, and the cognitive perspective focuses on mental processes and thinking.

Question 14

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective focuses on how behaviors and traits have been shaped by natural selection over time. The fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors by helping them avoid potential dangers in the dark, such as predators or other hazards. The evolutionary perspective focuses on how certain behaviors or traits have evolved over time to increase survival and reproduction. Therefore, understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to this perspective.

Question 15

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are both considered to be major contributors to the development of humanistic psychology, which emphasizes the importance of individual growth and potential, and the belief that people have inherent goodness and a natural drive towards self-actualization. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are two of the most well-known figures in the field of humanistic psychology. They both focused their research on understanding the unique experiences and perspectives of individuals, rather than trying to explain behavior in terms of external factors or underlying unconscious desires. Instead, they emphasized the importance of free will, personal growth, and self-actualization in achieving a sense of fulfillment and happiness in life.

Question 16

Dr. Jones' research centers on the relationship between changes in our thinking over the life span and changes in moral reasoning. Dr. Jones is most likely a

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jones' research focuses on changes in thinking and moral reasoning over the life span, which is a topic studied by developmental psychologists who investigate how people change and develop through their lifespan. Dr. Jones' research focuses on cognitive and moral development across the life span, which falls within the domain of developmental psychology. Clinical psychology is concerned with diagnosing and treating mental disorders, personality psychology is concerned with personality traits and characteristics, and psychiatry is a medical field focused on the treatment of mental disorders.

Question 17

In psychology, behavior is best defined as

Accepted Answer

Behavior is defined as any action that can be observed and recorded. This includes actions such as speaking, moving, and facial expressions, but does not encompass internal mental processes or emotions that cannot be directly observed. Behavior is best defined as any action that can be observed and recorded by an objective observer, such as a researcher. This definition allows for the study of behavior through empirical research methods, and excludes subjective experiences or mental processes that cannot be directly observed by others.

Question 18

In defining psychology, the text notes that psychology is most accurately described as a

Accepted Answer

While psychology does involve studying behavior and mental processes, it is more accurately described as a way of asking and answering questions through scientific methods, such as experimentation and observation. Psychology can also be applied to solve problems, but this is not the sole focus of the field. Lastly, psychology is a scientific study, and not a nonscientific approach to mental disorders. While psychology involves the study of behavior and mental processes, it is best described as a way of asking and answering questions about those phenomena. Psychology uses scientific methods to gather data and test theories, distinguishing it from nonscientific approaches to mental health. While some psychologists work to solve applied problems (such as improving educational outcomes or reducing aggression), this is not the core definition of the field.

Question 19

Professor Thurstone investigates whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' test scores. Professor Thurstone is most likely a ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

This scenario involves the study of how social factors (specifically a teacher's perceptions) can affect academic performance, which is within the realm of social psychology. Other options, such as clinical psychology, personality psychology, or biological psychology, would focus on different aspects of human behavior and functioning. Professor Thurstone's research focuses on how social factors, such as a teacher's perceptions, can affect student outcomes. Clinical psychologists focus on diagnosing and treating psychological disorders, biological psychologists study the brain and nervous system, and personality psychologists look at individual differences in behavior and traits.

Question 20

The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of considering multiple levels of analysis (biological, psychological, and social) in exploring behavior and mental processes. This approach recognizes that behavior and mental processes are shaped by multiple factors, and therefore require a multidimensional approach to understand them fully. The biopsychosocial approach considers the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors in explaining behavior and mental processes, emphasizing the importance of multiple levels of analysis.

Quiz 19: The Worth Video Anthology for Introductory Psychology