Suppose one research study compared a group of males to a group of females, and another research study compared a group of introverts to a group of extroverts. These two studies are examples of:

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Both of these studies are comparing different groups, but they are not manipulating any variables or randomly assigning participants, so they are not true experiments. However, they are also not simply measuring the relationship between two variables, as in correlational studies. Rather, they are comparing groups that already exist, which is more similar to a quasi-experimental design.

Suppose One Research Study Compared a Group of Males to a Group