Question 1

Name two antibiotics that affect translation and explain their modes of action.

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Question 2

Why is protein degradation necessary to maintain cellular health?

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Question 3

Define "half-life" in terms of mRNA. Biologically, why is it important that the half-life of mRNA be the shortest of the RNAs? What chemically leads to a longer half-life for tRNAs and rRNAs?

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Question 4

Name two antibiotics that affect transcription and explain their mode of action.

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Question 5

Explain how a type I secretion system works. Are the secreted proteins ever in periplasmic space?

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Question 6

How are folded and unfolded proteins moved from the cytoplasm to the periplasm?

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Question 7

Every mRNA has three possible reading frames. How does the ribosome find the correct reading frame?

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Question 8

Where is fMet used as the N-terminal amino acid? What does that mean for the human immune response?

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Question 9

What does it mean to annotate a genome? Explain the goals.

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Question 10

Examine the DNA sequence shown below. How many possible reading frames does this piece of DNA have? Explain where they are. Which one can be used and how do you know?
5'-AGTCGATCGAACGGTCATCG-3'
3'-TCAGCTAGCTTGCCAGTAGC-5'

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Question 11

A variety of online software tools are available to aid with analyzing DNA and protein sequences. Name any three and explain what they can be used for.

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Question 12

Since ribosomes do not translate to the end of the mRNA, what causes translation to end?

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Question 13

At times a ribosome may get stuck with an mRNA that has been damaged so that there is no stop codon. What happens to this ribosome to fix this problem?

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Question 14

As a peptide is produced on a ribosome, describe two methods used to get the protein into its proper shape.

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Question 15

Where is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence located and what is it responsible for?

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Question 16

What feature of eukaryotes makes annotation more difficult?

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Quiz 8: Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics