Your niece has been diagnosed with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, an extremely rare disorder of the bone marrow that causes people have a low red blood cell (RBC) count. The disease is classified as a ribosomal protein disease, meaning that one or more of the genes involved in ribosome production is/are mutated, and the ribosomes are not synthesized properly. Although it is not currently understood why mutations in ribosome biosynthesis affect blood cell formation particularly, you are able to help your sister understand the role of ribosomes in the cell and the consequence of ribosome failure, so that she has a better grasp of her child's condition.
-Your sister asks you what the difference is between protein synthesis and translation. You explain to your sister that the process of generating proteins in a cell is called translation because the information for the protein is in the form of ________ but proteins are composed of ________.
A) codons; anticodons
B) anticodons; codons
C) amino acids; nucleic acids
D) nucleic acids; amino acids
E) 70S; 80S

Question

Your niece has been diagnosed with Diamond-Blackfan anemia, an extremely rare disorder of the bone marrow that causes people have a low red blood cell (RBC) count. The disease is classified as a ribosomal protein disease, meaning that one or more of the genes involved in ribosome production is/are mutated, and the ribosomes are not synthesized properly. Although it is not currently understood why mutations in ribosome biosynthesis affect blood cell formation particularly, you are able to help your sister understand the role of ribosomes in the cell and the consequence of ribosome failure, so that she has a better grasp of her child's condition. 
-Your sister asks you what the difference is between protein synthesis and translation. You explain to your sister that the process of generating proteins in a cell is called translation because the information for the protein is in the form of ________ but proteins are composed of ________.
A) codons; anticodons
B) anticodons; codons
C) amino acids; nucleic acids
D) nucleic acids; amino acids
E) 70S; 80S

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The information for proteins is stored in the form of nucleic acids (specifically mRNA), but proteins themselves are composed of amino acids. Therefore, the correct choice is D, nucleic acids; amino acids. Choice A (codons; anticodons) and B (anticodons; codons) are incorrect because anticodons are only involved in the process of translation to help match tRNA with the appropriate codon on mRNA. Choice C (amino acids; nucleic acids) is incorrect because although amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, they do not contain the information needed to assemble the protein. Choice E (70S; 80S) is also not relevant to the question and refers to the size and type of ribosome found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, respectively.

Your Niece Has Been Diagnosed with Diamond-Blackfan Anemia, an Extremely