Question 1

Which of the following are events associated with asthma?
1) Release of chemical mediators
2) Swelling of airway walls
3) Increased microvascular permeability
4) Mucosal thickening

Accepted Answer

Asthma involves the release of chemical mediators that lead to inflammation, swelling of airway walls, increased microvascular permeability, and mucosal thickening, all contributing to the characteristic symptoms of asthma.

Question 2

Athletes suffering from type 2 diabetes will present with _______.

Accepted Answer

Athletes with type 2 diabetes can experience electrolyte imbalances due to the body's attempt to rid itself of excess glucose through urination, which can also lead to dehydration. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar levels, is a direct result of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, all three conditions can be present in athletes suffering from type 2 diabetes.

Question 3

____________ involves fatigue, generalized warmth, pruritus, and erythema, progressing further to include urticarial eruption. This condition may also result in periods of lost consciousness, choking, stridor, and gastrointestinal (GI) colic with nausea and vomiting.

Accepted Answer

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, warmth, itching, redness, hives, and potentially severe reactions like loss of consciousness, choking, stridor, and gastrointestinal issues following physical activity.

Question 4

Asthma severity is determined via _________.

Accepted Answer

Asthma severity is determined by a combination of factors including clinical examination, pulmonary function tests, the frequency and intensity of asthma symptoms, and the need for rescue medication. These criteria help healthcare providers assess the severity of the condition and guide treatment decisions.

Question 5

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency. It comes about as free fatty acids are released into the circulation and the liver takes them up, converts them to ketones, and releases them back into the circulation.

Accepted Answer

Both statements accurately describe the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and its seriousness as a medical emergency.

Question 6

One of your athletes just received some medication to help manage an asthma attack. The athlete begins to complain of blurry vision, depression, confusion, nausea, and skin redness. Which of the following medications did she receive?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids can cause blurry vision, depression, confusion, nausea, and skin redness.

Question 7

Which of the following are not signs and symptoms of mononucleosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased red blood cell count is not a sign or symptom of mononucleosis. Mononucleosis, often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, typically presents with symptoms such as sore throat, fever, and malaise, but not an increased red blood cell count.

Question 8

The Epstein-Barr virus results in the development of _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Epstein-Barr virus results in the development...

Question 9

Which of the following are not signs and symptoms that a person's asthma is flaring up?

Accepted Answer

Pulsus paradoxus, not "pulsus paranormal," is a sign that can be associated with severe asthma exacerbations. It refers to an exaggerated decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration. "Pulsus paranormal" is not a recognized medical term or condition related to asthma.

Question 10

Which of the following are common asthma triggers?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are common triggers for asthma. Allergen exposure, air pollutants, certain drugs, and weather changes can all provoke asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of asthma?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 12

Bronchorestriction is the result of _________.

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction can be caused by the release of inflammatory cell mediators, local reflex stimulation, and central neural reflex stimulation. These mechanisms can lead to the narrowing of the airways, affecting breathing.

Question 13

In order to guide initial management, which of the following should be done?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to guide initial management, which...

Question 14

Which of the following would be consistent with prehypertension?

Accepted Answer

Prehypertension is defined as having a systolic blood pressure between 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure between 80 to 89 mm Hg. Therefore, option A is consistent with prehypertension.

Question 15

The side effects of beta-2 agonists include _________.

Accepted Answer

Beta-2 agonists can cause a range of side effects including tachycardia and tachyarrhythmia due to their action on the heart, hypokalemia as a result of potassium moving into cells, and an increase in blood-free fatty acids due to the breakdown of fat stores. While "skeletal muscle generators" is not a recognized term or side effect, beta-2 agonists can lead to skeletal muscle tremor, which might have been the intended reference. Therefore, considering the common side effects, "All of the above" is the correct choice.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a treatment for exercise-induced anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide is not a treatment for exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Treatments typically include subcutaneous epinephrine, intravenous fluids, antihistamines, and airway management to address symptoms and prevent complications.

Question 17

Insulin deficiency results in ___________.

Accepted Answer

Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, as insulin is crucial for glucose uptake by cells. High blood sugar can also lead to dehydration because the body tries to eliminate excess glucose through increased urination.

Question 18

__________ is characterized by punctuated urticaria and exercise-induced vascular collapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is characterized by punctuated urticaria and...

Question 19

___________ is a metabolic disorder that results from insulin secretion, action, or both.

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by issues with insulin secretion, action, or both, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin shock and insulin withdrawal are conditions related to the management of diabetes, not metabolic disorders themselves.

Question 20

Albuterol, metaproterenol, and terbutaline are all types of __________.

Accepted Answer

Albuterol, metaproterenol, and terbutaline are all types of beta-2 agonists, which are medications that relax bronchial muscles and improve breathing in conditions like asthma.

Quiz 7: Emergent General Medical Conditions

Which of the following are events associated with asthma? 1) Release of chemical mediators 2) Swelling of airway walls 3) Increased microvascular permeability 4) Mucosal thickening