Question 1

Greater variability and a larger standard deviation within a dataset suggests:
A) greater heterogeneity.
B) greater homogeneity.
C) greater consistency.
D) uniformity.

Accepted Answer

Greater variability and a larger standard deviation within a dataset indicate that the data points are spread out over a wider range, suggesting greater heterogeneity or diversity in the dataset, not greater consistency or uniformity.

Question 2

Dr. Wilson determined that the mean level of anxiety for both experimental groups was the same. However, it is important to not only look at the _____, such as the mean, of both groups, but also the variability of data among each group.
A) mode
B) correlates
C) central tendency
D) covariates

Accepted Answer

The mean is a measure of central tendency, which describes the center of a data set. The question highlights the importance of looking at both the central tendency and the variability of data.

Question 3

When discussing the Cronbach's alpha with regard to a measure of sensation seeking, Ricardo realized that the Cronbach's alpha evaluates the _____ of a scale.
A) effect size
B) strength
C) internal consistency reliability
D) test-retest reliability

Accepted Answer

Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency reliability, which assesses how closely related a set of items are as a group. It is commonly used to evaluate the reliability of a scale or test, indicating how well the items that make up the scale are positively correlated to one another.

Question 4

A small degree of variability and a small standard deviation within a set of scores suggests:
A) greater heterogeneity.
B) greater homogeneity.
C) greater discrepancy.
D) greater randomness.

Accepted Answer

A small degree of variability and a small standard deviation within a set of scores indicates that the scores are closely clustered around the mean, suggesting greater homogeneity (similarity) within the data set.

Question 5

When analyzing the findings of a research longitudinal study, Nori is presented with the following data. Which of the following p values would be suggestive of statistically significant results?
A) p = .20
B) p = .04
C) p = .10
D) p = .08

Accepted Answer

In statistical analysis, a p-value less than 0.05 is typically considered indicative of statistically significant results. Therefore, a p-value of .04 suggests that the findings are statistically significant.

Question 6

Marisol used statistical software to calculate the Cronbach's alpha for a measure of impulsivity at 0.0. This would suggest:
A) too much redundancy among items.
B) the items of the scale measure different things.
C) that the items do not relate to another measure.
D) that the items relate too much to another measure.

Accepted Answer

A Cronbach's alpha of 0.0 suggests that the items on the scale do not correlate with each other, indicating they likely measure different constructs or aspects of impulsivity, rather than a single, cohesive construct.

Question 7

When including a write-up for a given correlation in the results section of a manuscript you must include both magnitude (or strength) and:
A) variability
B) standard deviation.
C) direction.
D) factor loading.

Accepted Answer

When reporting a correlation in the results section of a manuscript, it is essential to include both the magnitude (or strength) of the correlation, which indicates how strongly the two variables are related, and the direction of the correlation, which tells whether the relationship is positive or negative.

Question 8

Naomi used statistical software to calculate the Cronbach's alpha for a measure of impulsivity at 1.0. This would suggest:
A) too much redundancy among items.
B) too little similarity among items.
C) that the items do not relate to another measure.
D) that the items relate too much to another measure.

Accepted Answer

A Cronbach's alpha of 1.0 suggests perfect internal consistency, meaning the items on the measure are possibly too similar or redundant, indicating they might not each be contributing unique information about the construct being measured (in this case, impulsivity).

Question 9

Pamela is reviewing the findings from her recent thesis study and found a correlation of r = -.46 between the frequency of smoking cigarettes and age at death. Which of the following represents the direction of this correlation?
A) r
B) .46
C) -
D) =

Accepted Answer

The "-" sign in the correlation coefficient (r = -.46) indicates the direction of the correlation, which in this case is negative. This means that as the frequency of smoking cigarettes increases, the age at death decreases.

Question 10

Marianne is writing up the descriptive statistics for a recent experiment she completed. She needs to write-up the standard deviation. Which is the correct symbol for standard deviation?
A) S
B) SD
C) $\mu$
D)  $\Omega$

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marianne is writing up the descriptive statistics...

Question 11

The larger the standard deviation of a set of scores the more _____ the scores are from one another.
A) packed in
B) narrow
C) close
D) spread out

Accepted Answer

The standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A larger standard deviation indicates that the values are more spread out from the mean.

Question 12

Dr. Norx is writing up the results section of a recent study. He is about to note the Cronbach's alpha for a measure of psychopathy in his study. Which symbol is appropriate for such a write-up?
A) $\Sigma$
B) $\beta$
C)$\mu$
D) $\alpha$

Accepted Answer

Cronbach's alpha, a measure of internal consistency or reliability of a test or scale, is typically denoted by the symbol α (alpha).

Question 13

Ricardo is reviewing for his upcoming statistics exam. He continues to have difficulty with remembering the range for Cronbach's alpha and writes the range on a notecard. Ricardo writes that the appropriate range for Cronbach's alpha is:
A) 0.0 to 1.0.
B) 0.0 to 2.0.
C) -1.0 to 1.0.
D) -2.0 to 2.0.

Accepted Answer

Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency, how closely related a set of items are as a group. It ranges from 0.0 to 1.0, where a higher value indicates better internal consistency.

Question 14

Dr. Cortez determined that the mean level of depression for both experimental groups was the same. However, it is important to not only look at the central tendency of both groups, but also the _____ or degree to which they differ from each other.
A) mode
B) variability
C) covariates
D) correlates

Accepted Answer

Variability is the correct term because it refers to the extent to which data points in a statistical distribution or data set diverge from the average or mean value, indicating the spread or dispersion of the data. This is important in understanding how much individual data points differ from each other and from the mean, providing a fuller picture of the data beyond just the central tendency.

Question 15

Toni is in the process of finalizing tables in her master's thesis manuscript. She double checks the appropriate symbol for probability. Which of the following represents probability?
A) $\alpha$
B)$\mu$
C) p
D) $\Omega$

Accepted Answer

The symbol "p" is commonly used to represent probability in statistical and mathematical contexts.

Question 16

The smaller the standard deviation of a set of scores the _____ the scores are from one another.
A) more packed in
B) less packed in
C) less evenly spaced
D) spread out

Accepted Answer

The smaller the standard deviation, the closer or more packed in the scores are to the mean, indicating less variability among them.

Question 17

The procedure of _____ evaluates the probability of obtaining one's results given the researcher's prediction.
A) hypothesizing
B) statistical hypothesis testing
C) pilot testing
D) validity testing

Accepted Answer

Statistical hypothesis testing is the procedure that evaluates the probability of obtaining the observed results under a specific hypothesis, typically the null hypothesis, which often predicts no effect or no difference. This process helps researchers determine if their findings are statistically significant and if they can reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis.

Question 18

A 2005 study conducted by Aizen and Fishbein examined social attitudes and found that people's attitudes do not necessarily correspond to their:
A) behavior.
B) verbalizations.
C) romantic relationships.
D) friendships.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes and behaviors are not always aligned; people might hold certain attitudes yet act in ways that contradict those attitudes.

Question 19

A correlation is a statistic that represents the degree to which two variables are _____ related.
A) curvilinearly
B) logistically
C) nonlinearly
D) linearly

Accepted Answer

A correlation, specifically the Pearson correlation coefficient, measures the degree to which two variables are linearly related, indicating how changes in one variable are associated with changes in another.

Question 20

When including a write-up for a given correlation in the results section of a manuscript you must include both _____ and direction.
A) strength
B) variability
C) factor rotation
D) factor loading

Accepted Answer

Strength and direction are essential when reporting a correlation. The strength indicates how closely the two variables are related, while the direction (positive or negative) shows the nature of the relationship.

Quiz 7: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Greater variability and a larger standard deviation within a dataset suggests:

Dr. Wilson determined that the mean level of anxiety for both experimental groups was the same. However, it is important to not only look at the _____, such as the mean, of both groups, but also the variability of data among each group.

When discussing the Cronbach's alpha with regard to a measure of sensation seeking, Ricardo realized that the Cronbach's alpha evaluates the _____ of a scale.

A small degree of variability and a small standard deviation within a set of scores suggests:

When analyzing the findings of a research longitudinal study, Nori is presented with the following data. Which of the following p values would be suggestive of statistically significant results?

Marisol used statistical software to calculate the Cronbach's alpha for a measure of impulsivity at 0.0. This would suggest:

When including a write-up for a given correlation in the results section of a manuscript you must include both magnitude (or strength) and:

Naomi used statistical software to calculate the Cronbach's alpha for a measure of impulsivity at 1.0. This would suggest:

Pamela is reviewing the findings from her recent thesis study and found a correlation of r = -.46 between the frequency of smoking cigarettes and age at death. Which of the following represents the direction of this correlation?

Marianne is writing up the descriptive statistics for a recent experiment she completed. She needs to write-up the standard deviation. Which is the correct symbol for standard deviation?

The larger the standard deviation of a set of scores the more _____ the scores are from one another.

Dr. Norx is writing up the results section of a recent study. He is about to note the Cronbach's alpha for a measure of psychopathy in his study. Which symbol is appropriate for such a write-up?

Ricardo is reviewing for his upcoming statistics exam. He continues to have difficulty with remembering the range for Cronbach's alpha and writes the range on a notecard. Ricardo writes that the appropriate range for Cronbach's alpha is:

Dr. Cortez determined that the mean level of depression for both experimental groups was the same. However, it is important to not only look at the central tendency of both groups, but also the _____ or degree to which they differ from each other.

Toni is in the process of finalizing tables in her master's thesis manuscript. She double checks the appropriate symbol for probability. Which of the following represents probability?

The smaller the standard deviation of a set of scores the _____ the scores are from one another.

The procedure of _____ evaluates the probability of obtaining one's results given the researcher's prediction.

A 2005 study conducted by Aizen and Fishbein examined social attitudes and found that people's attitudes do not necessarily correspond to their:

A correlation is a statistic that represents the degree to which two variables are _____ related.

When including a write-up for a given correlation in the results section of a manuscript you must include both _____ and direction.