Question 1

Dr. Croteau explains to students in his methodology class that when they are using a mixed design, they are essentially using a(n) _____ with multiple independent variables.

Accepted Answer

A factorial design is a type of experimental design that involves multiple independent variables, allowing researchers to examine the effect of each variable alone as well as the interaction between them. This fits the description of a mixed design, which combines elements of both qualitative and quantitative research methods, and often involves multiple variables.

Question 2

In an A-B-A design, after removal of the intervention researchers are looking for _____; that is, whether the assessed levels of the dependent variable return to baseline after the intervention has been removed.

Accepted Answer

A reversal in the effect is expected in an A-B-A design after the intervention is removed, indicating that the dependent variable levels return to baseline, demonstrating the intervention's impact.

Question 3

Coren notes that an A-B-A design helps establish _____ by showing that behavior systematically changes based on the introduction and removal of treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coren notes that an A-B-A design helps...

Question 4

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would return to baseline after the disaster assistance team left. Dr. Soto is using which type of design?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Soto is using an A-B-A design, which involves collecting data before an intervention (A), during the intervention (B), and after the intervention has been removed (A).

Question 5

_____ is a single-subject design in which researchers establish a baseline, introduce the intervention and measure the same variable again, then remove the intervention and take another measurement.

Accepted Answer

The A-B-A design involves establishing a baseline (A), introducing an intervention (B), and then removing the intervention to return to baseline (A) to measure the effects of the intervention.

Question 6

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would _____ after the disaster assistance team left in this A-B-A design.

Accepted Answer

In an A-B-A design, the expectation is that after the intervention (B) is removed, the subjects' responses or conditions will return to their original state (A), hence "return to baseline" is the expected outcome.

Question 7

A 2013 study examining the administration of hypnosis to golf professionals for a period of 7 days to improve their golf score found:

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis intervention was found to improve golf performance, as indicated by an overall improvement in performance per mean number of strokes during the intervention phase.

Question 8

Dr. Carlos specifies in his statistical methodology class that it is important to remember that when carrying out a mixed design participants receive every level of the _____, but only one level of the between-subjects factor.

Accepted Answer

In a mixed design, participants are exposed to all levels of the within-subjects factor, meaning they experience every condition of this factor. However, for the between-subjects factor, each participant is assigned to only one level, distinguishing the two types of factors in the design.

Question 9

_____ is a single-subject design in which researchers establish a baseline, introduce the intervention, remove the intervention, and then reintroduce the intervention, measuring the dependent variable each time.

Accepted Answer

The A-B-A-B design involves establishing a baseline (A), introducing an intervention (B), removing the intervention to return to baseline conditions (A), and then reintroducing the intervention (B), allowing for the observation of changes in the dependent variable with each phase. This design helps to demonstrate the effect of the intervention more clearly by showing that changes in the dependent variable are contingent on the presence of the intervention.

Question 10

Ranya wants to conduct a study on how video gaming affects cognitive flexibility in a controlled setting. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ranya wants to conduct a study on...

Question 11

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would return to baseline after the disaster assistance team left. What is the dependent variable in this A-B-A design?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable in this A-B-A design is the posttraumatic responses, as it is the outcome that Dr. Soto is measuring at different points in time to assess the impact of the intervention (presence of the disaster assistance team).

Question 12

Elbert wants to conduct a study on how motivational self-talk impacts athletic performance during a game. Which of the following be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

Accepted Answer

Mundane realism refers to how closely a study mirrors real-life experiences. Since the study is about athletic performance and motivational self-talk during a game, a baseball game provides the most realistic and relevant setting for observing and measuring the variables of interest.

Question 13

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would return to baseline after the disaster assistance team left. What is the independent variable or intervention in this A-B-A design?

Accepted Answer

The independent variable or intervention in this A-B-A design is the disaster assistance team, as it is the element that is introduced and then removed to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which in this case are the posttraumatic responses.

Question 14

An A-B-A design is a single-subject design in which researchers establish a baseline, introduce the intervention and measure the same variable again, then remove _____ and take another measurement.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B) the intervention. In an A-B-A design, researchers first measure a baseline (A), then introduce an intervention (B), and finally remove the intervention and measure again (A). This design helps to determine the effect of the intervention on the variable being studied.

Question 15

An A-B-A-B design is a single-subject design in which researchers establish a baseline, introduce the intervention, remove the intervention, and then reintroduce the intervention, measuring the _____ each time.

Accepted Answer

In an A-B-A-B design, researchers measure the dependent variable at each phase to assess the impact of the intervention. The dependent variable is what is being measured in the experiment, showing the effect of the independent variable (the intervention).

Question 16

Dr. Winston referenced several notable limitations of single-subject designs. Which of the following is NOT a weakness of single-subject designs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Winston referenced several notable limitations of...

Question 17

Dr. Carlos specifies in his statistical methodology class that it is important to remember that when carrying out a mixed design participants receive every level of the within-subjects factor, but only one level of the:

Accepted Answer

In a mixed design, participants are exposed to all levels of the within-subjects factor, which means they experience every condition of this factor. However, they are only exposed to one level of the between-subjects factor, as this factor differentiates groups of participants rather than conditions experienced by all participants.

Question 18

Tatiana wants to conduct a study on how reading influences public speaking ability. Which of the following would be the best setting for optimizing mundane realism?

Accepted Answer

Mundane realism refers to how closely a study mirrors real-life experiences. A debate class, where reading and public speaking are naturally integrated activities, offers the most realistic setting for observing the influence of reading on public speaking ability.

Question 19

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects an A-B-A-B design?

Accepted Answer

A-B-A-B designs involve measuring the same variable with the same participant(s) across different phases: baseline (A), intervention (B), return to baseline (A), and reintroduction of the intervention (B). This allows for the observation of changes in the variable with the introduction and withdrawal of an intervention.

Question 20

Dr. Soto was conducting research in a small rural community in Asia that was affected by an earthquake. Dr. Soto collected baseline measurements on posttraumatic responses and then the natural disaster assistance team arrived. Dr. Soto collected the same information again from respondents after the disaster assistance team had been stationed for one week. After two weeks the disaster assistance team left and Dr. Soto collected posttraumatic response data again. Dr. Soto expected that the posttraumatic responses would return to baseline after the disaster assistance team left. Dr. Soto wants to establish further evidence of covariation by showing that the participants' behavior systematically changes when disaster assistance is available and when it is removed. Which of the following designs would help further Dr. Soto's conclusion of causality?

Accepted Answer

The A-B-A-B design, also known as a reversal or withdrawal design, involves observing behavior before and after an intervention (B phases) and then withdrawing the intervention to see if the behavior returns to baseline levels (A phases). This design would allow Dr. Soto to systematically observe changes in posttraumatic responses with the presence and absence of disaster assistance, thus providing stronger evidence for causality by demonstrating that changes in behavior (posttraumatic responses) are directly related to the intervention (disaster assistance).

Quiz 12: Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders