Question 1

Cheating on a take-home exam is an example of which of Schwartz's six reasons for unethical behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cheating on a take-home exam is an example of decision-making autonomy, where individuals make unethical choices when they have the freedom to make decisions without direct oversight.

Question 2

______ explains why otherwise moral people can engage in unethical behavior without apparent guilt or self-censure.

Accepted Answer

Moral disengagement is a theory that explains how individuals can detach themselves from their moral standards to engage in unethical behavior without feeling guilty or self-critical. This process allows people to justify their actions and avoid the self-censure that would normally arise from violating their internal moral standards.

Question 3

When distinguishing between ineffective and toxic leadership, one or both of the following is often missing in toxic leadership:

Accepted Answer

Choice and voice are often missing in toxic leadership because toxic leaders tend to suppress dissent and discourage open communication.

Question 4

An abusive boss who actively discourages dissent in the workplace is an example of which of the indicators of toxic leadership?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An abusive boss who actively discourages dissent...

Question 5

Moral ownership is one way to prevent ______.

Accepted Answer

Moral ownership involves taking responsibility for one's ethical behavior, which can prevent moral disengagement, a process where individuals justify unethical behavior.

Question 6

In college, opportunities to expand one's horizons ______ correlates strongly with character development.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "in and out of the classroom" is the only option that broadly encompasses all the various ways one can expand their horizons in college, including academics, extracurricular activities, work, and personal experiences, which in turn can contribute to character development.

Question 7

Doing nothing when you observe your supervisor make an unethical choice is an example of which of Schwartz's six reasons for unethical behavior?

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of managing important relationships, where an individual might choose not to act on unethical behavior observed in a supervisor to preserve their relationship or standing within the organization.

Question 8

When considering building character in youth, Berkowitz argues that schools should promote skills such as ______.

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz emphasizes the importance of perspective-taking, critical thinking, and conflict resolution in building character in youth, as these skills are crucial for developing moral and ethical understanding and behavior.

Question 9

Sometimes designing yourself as a leaders means first designing yourself as a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

Active followership is a key component of effective leadership. By understanding and practicing the qualities of being a good follower, such as being supportive, cooperative, and willing to take direction, individuals can better prepare themselves for leadership roles. This approach emphasizes the importance of collaboration, empathy, and the ability to work within a team before leading one.

Question 10

Justifying cheating because it will help you get into graduate school is an example of which of Schwartz's six reasons for unethical behavior?

Accepted Answer

Justifying cheating to get into graduate school is an example of a threat to self-efficacy because it involves compromising ethical standards to achieve a personal goal or to maintain one's self-image or capabilities.

Question 11

Virtues, moral principles, and values all contribute to an individual's ______.

Accepted Answer

Virtues, moral principles, and values are fundamental components that shape an individual's character, influencing their behavior and decisions.

Question 12

Creating a simple message with deep meaning is an example of which design principle?

Accepted Answer

Propositional density refers to the amount of meaning or information packed into a simple statement or design. A message that is simple yet carries deep meaning exemplifies high propositional density, as it conveys a lot of information or significance in a concise form.

Question 13

One study finds that followers construct their roles in three different ways. Which of the following is not a way that a follower might approach their role?

Accepted Answer

Followers typically approach their roles in either a passive, active, or proactive manner. The term "neutral" is not commonly used to describe a follower's approach to their role in the context of leadership and organizational behavior studies.

Question 14

According to research by the U.S. Air Force Academy, the Decision-Action Gap can occur when an individual succumbs to the pressure of an ethical dilemma or when an individual ______.

Accepted Answer

The Decision-Action Gap can occur when an individual lacks the necessary character strengths to act on their ethical decisions, leading to a failure to follow through with the right actions.

Question 15

Becoming skilled in the ability to share your history is an example of which design principle?

Accepted Answer

Storytelling is the design principle that involves sharing history or narratives effectively, making it a crucial skill for engaging and communicating complex ideas or experiences.

Question 16

Altering the vote tally to favor your friend in an organizational vote to elect the next vice president is an example of which of Schwartz's six reasons for unethical behavior?

Accepted Answer

Altering the vote tally to favor your friend is an example of bias, which is when someone favors one person or group over another, often due to personal relationships or prejudices.

Question 17

______ are rules developed by social institutions that govern correct behavior.

Accepted Answer

Laws are formal rules established by social institutions to govern behavior and ensure order within a society.

Question 18

A leader who maintains their positional leadership role within an organization longer than is welcome in order to set themselves up for their next career move is an example of which of the indicators of toxic leadership?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A leader who maintains their positional leadership...

Question 19

The Decision-Action Gap is that space between ______ and actually doing it.

Accepted Answer

The Decision-Action Gap refers to the space between deciding what you should do and actually implementing that decision. It highlights the challenge of moving from decision-making to action.

Question 20

______ are "individuals who, by virtue of their destructive behaviors and their dysfunctional personal qualities or characteristics, inflict serious and enduring harm on the individuals, groups, organizations, communities, and even the nations that they lead."

Accepted Answer

Toxic leaders are defined by their harmful behaviors and negative personal traits, which result in lasting damage to their followers and organizations.

Quiz 4: Your Values and Ethical Actions