Question 1

Roughly about ___________% of Canadian students report having at least one panic attack during periods of extreme stress.

Accepted Answer

About 30% of Canadian students report having experienced at least one panic attack during periods of extreme stress, highlighting the significant impact of stress on mental health among students.

Question 2

People with panic disorder have panic attacks that occur ________.

Accepted Answer

Panic attacks in individuals with panic disorder often occur unexpectedly and are not necessarily triggered by specific situations or objects, hence they are described as happening "out of the blue."

Question 3

According to Sigmund Freud, when the ego is threatened by unacceptable and potentially overwhelming impulses from the id, _________________ occurs.

Accepted Answer

Neurotic anxiety occurs when the ego is threatened by unacceptable impulses from the id, according to Freud's theory. This type of anxiety is a signal to the ego that the repressed desires of the id are threatening to break into consciousness, potentially leading to inappropriate behavior.

Question 4

A person is very clean. This person feels that their already spotless home is not clean enough, and cleans everything over and over again. This person's repetitive cleaning activity is a ___________ component of their ___________.

Accepted Answer

The repetitive cleaning activity is a behavioral component because it involves actions (cleaning over and over again), and it is a part of compulsions, which are repetitive behaviors that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.

Question 5

Although they have stimulated much thought about the origin and treatment of anxiety disorders, the constructs and theories of anxiety derived from the ___________ perspective have received little empirical support.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective, which originates from Freudian theory, has stimulated much thought about the origin and treatment of anxiety disorders but has received little empirical support compared to other perspectives like cognitive, biological, or behavioral, which are more easily subjected to empirical testing and validation.

Question 6

A worker suffers from anxiety. Which of these components will NOT be present in the worker's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The Objective-emotional component is not a recognized part of the typical framework used to describe anxiety. Anxiety usually involves a cognitive component (thoughts), physiological responses (such as increased heart rate), and behavioural responses (such as avoidance).

Question 7

Research by Peter Lewinsohn revealed that after controlling 11 different psychosocial factors, there was still a substantial sex difference in the prevalence of anxiety disorders in men and women, indicating the possible role that _____________ factors may play with this disorder.

Accepted Answer

Lewinsohn's research, which controlled for various psychosocial factors yet still found a significant sex difference in the prevalence of anxiety disorders, suggests that biological factors might play a crucial role in these disorders. This is because if the difference persisted even after accounting for psychosocial influences, it implies that the cause might be rooted in biological differences between men and women.

Question 8

In anxiety disorders, apprehension to emotion is like worry to ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In anxiety disorders, apprehension to emotion is...

Question 9

Although they can occur independently, which of the following frequently accompany obsessions and appear to serve the function of reducing the anxiety created by such disturbing thoughts?

Accepted Answer

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, often aimed at reducing the anxiety or distress associated with the obsession.

Question 10

Brain scans show that patients with a history of panic attacks had 22% lower concentration of _______ in the occipital cortex than patients without panic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Brain scans indicate that patients with a history of panic attacks have a 22% lower concentration of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the occipital cortex compared to patients without panic disorder. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

Question 11

Obsession is to compulsion as ________.

Accepted Answer

Obsession is a cognitive process involving persistent, unwanted thoughts, while compulsion is a behavioral process involving the need to perform certain actions. Thus, the relationship is from cognitive to behavioral.

Question 12

According to the DSM-5, in order to qualify for a diagnosis of panic disorder, people must experience panic attacks and a fear of ________.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 specifies that for a diagnosis of panic disorder, individuals must experience recurrent unexpected panic attacks and at least one of the attacks must be followed by a month (or more) of persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences (e.g., losing control, having a heart attack, "going crazy"). This includes a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks (e.g., behaviors designed to avoid having panic attacks, such as avoidance of exercise or unfamiliar situations). Therefore, the fear of future attacks is a key criterion for the diagnosis of panic disorder.

Question 13

Panic disorder is different from generalized anxiety disorder in that with panic disorder, the feelings of anxiety are ______________ and are usually __________ intense.

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder is characterized by sudden, intense episodes of fear or discomfort (panic attacks) that are unpredictable, distinguishing it from generalized anxiety disorder, which involves a more constant state of worry.

Question 14

Studies suggest that people suffering from anxiety disorders may have lower levels of ________ in their nervous systems, which may cause them to be overly sensitive to signals of threat.

Accepted Answer

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety. Lower levels of GABA can lead to increased anxiety and sensitivity to stress.

Question 15

A student is extremely anxious in public and open places. Each time the student is asked by friends to accompany them to a park, or a shopping mall, the student breaks into a sweat, and makes excuses to not go with them. The student likely has ___________.

Accepted Answer

The student's symptoms of extreme anxiety in public and open places, along with the avoidance behavior (making excuses not to go), are indicative of agoraphobia. This condition involves intense fear or anxiety about being in situations from which escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms.

Question 16

Identical twins have a concordance rate of about ___________ for anxiety disorders, compared with a ___________ concordance rate in fraternal twins.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share only 50%. This means that identical twins are more likely to have similar traits, including anxiety disorders.

Question 17

David Barlow and other researchers speculate that people with a genetic predisposition to ____________ may have nervous systems that are overly sensitive to threat signals.

Accepted Answer

David Barlow and other researchers have proposed that individuals with a genetic predisposition to anxiety might have nervous systems that are particularly sensitive to signals of threat, making them more prone to anxiety disorders.

Question 18

People who have panic disorder will often also develop ______________ because they fear having a panic attack in public.

Accepted Answer

People with panic disorder may develop agoraphobia, which is the fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn't be available if things go wrong, such as having a panic attack in public.

Question 19

A student has anxiety for no specific reason. The student's long-lasting anxiety goes on for months, and the student is always on edge; the student feels something awful is about to happen. The student suffers from ___________.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described match those of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), which is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various things, leading to constant anxiety without a specific focus or cause.

Question 20

Increased startle response is considered ___________ type of symptom in a patient with anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increased startle response is considered ___________ type...

Quiz 16: Psychological Disorders