Question 1

Many people with autism spectrum disorder engage in echolalia, which is ________.

Accepted Answer

Echolalia is a condition often associated with autism spectrum disorder, where individuals repeat or mimic the phrases spoken by others, sometimes without understanding the meaning.

Question 2

Cross-cultural studies have revealed that this disorder's prevalence rates do not differ dramatically in different countries, suggesting that the disorder may to some extent be "culture free" and unique.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia has been found to have relatively consistent prevalence rates across different cultures, suggesting that it may be less influenced by cultural factors compared to other mental health disorders. This consistency supports the idea that schizophrenia has a strong biological component that is less affected by cultural differences.

Question 3

Instability of self-image, emotional dysregulation, and impulsivity are all characteristics of _______________________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in self-image, emotional dysregulation, and impulsivity, among other symptoms. These features distinguish it from the other disorders listed.

Question 4

Borderline personality disorder is highly associated with all the following disorders EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is commonly associated with mood disorders, PTSD, and substance-abuse disorders due to overlapping symptoms and high comorbidity rates. However, it is not highly associated with paranoid schizophrenia, which is a separate and distinct psychiatric condition.

Question 5

The argument schizophrenia is more common in the lower classes because people tend to move down the socioeconomic ladder once they develop the disorder is argued by the ___________________________.

Accepted Answer

The social drift hypothesis suggests that individuals with schizophrenia or other severe mental illnesses may experience a decline in socioeconomic status, leading to a downward "drift" in social class. This hypothesis explains why schizophrenia appears more common in lower socioeconomic classes not necessarily because of causation from being in a lower class, but because the disorder causes individuals to move down the socioeconomic ladder.

Question 6

A long-term disorder characterized by extreme unresponsiveness to others, poor communication skills, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviour patterns is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, and by unique strengths and differences. It's known for its wide range of symptoms and severity.

Question 7

A student is returning home to their adoptive family after spending several months in the hospital for treatment of schizophrenia. Research studies indicate that the student would have the highest likelihood of relapse if ________.

Accepted Answer

High levels of expressed emotion in the home environment, such as criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement, have been linked to higher relapse rates in individuals with schizophrenia.

Question 8

Approximately _______ of autistic children remain severely disabled into adulthood and cannot lead independent lives.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 70% of autistic children remain severely disabled into adulthood and cannot lead independent lives. This statistic highlights the significant impact autism can have on long-term independence and the importance of support and interventions.

Question 9

The defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease is the prevalence of ___________ in the brain tissue of patients.

Accepted Answer

The defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of plaques and tangled clumps of neurons in the brain tissue of patients. These plaques are primarily made up of a protein called beta-amyloid, and the tangles are composed of tau protein. These abnormalities disrupt the communication between nerve cells and lead to their death, contributing to the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease.

Question 10

The fact that many people with antisocial personality disorder come from families that exhibit a good deal of aggression and tend to be quite inattentive to their children's needs best demonstrates the possible role of ___________ in this disorder.

Accepted Answer

The fact that many people with antisocial personality disorder come from families that exhibit aggression and are inattentive to their children's needs suggests the role of modeling in this disorder. Modeling, or observational learning, implies that individuals can learn and adopt behaviors by observing others, especially significant figures in their lives, such as family members.

Question 11

All of the following are essential characteristics of the antisocial personality disorder, EXCEPT, that they ________.

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of guilt or remorse, difficulty forming emotional attachments, and impulsivity. Pessimism and paranoia are not considered essential characteristics of this disorder; they are more closely associated with other mental health conditions.

Question 12

___________ is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly.

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia among older adults, accounting for an estimated 60-80% of cases. It is characterized by the progressive decline in cognitive function, affecting memory, thinking skills, and the ability to perform everyday activities.

Question 13

Experts have long suspected that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has a biological basis, but EEG studies of electrical brain activity and imaging studies of brain structures and neurotransmitters have ________ differences between people with ADHD and control groups.

Accepted Answer

Studies have struggled to find consistent differences in brain activity or structure between individuals with ADHD and those without, leading to the conclusion that the biological basis of ADHD is complex and not easily pinpointed through these methods.

Question 14

The notion that autism is caused by cold, unresponsive parenting ________.

Accepted Answer

The notion that autism is caused by cold, unresponsive parenting has been debunked, and it is now widely accepted within the scientific community that autism has biological underpinnings. This includes genetic factors and neurological development, rather than being caused by parenting styles.

Question 15

Studies of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder suggest that ______________ to show aggressive or impulsive behaviours whereas ______________ to show more symptoms of inattention and concentration difficulty.

Accepted Answer

Boys with ADHD tend to exhibit more externalizing behaviors, such as aggression and impulsivity, while girls are more prone to internalizing symptoms, including inattention and concentration difficulties.

Question 16

One main aspect of Alzheimer's disease is the destruction of cells that produce __________, a neurotransmitter that is critically involved in the neural processes underlying memory.

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the destruction of cells that produce acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for memory and learning processes.

Question 17

An ancestral woman named Afflicted has been hearing voices telling her that a woman in her tribe is trying to poison her and her children, so she attacks the other woman with a sharp stone. The tribe's healer says that an evil spirit, which is trying to escape Afflicted's body, is what's causing her strange behaviour. The healer explains that he must chisel a hole in Afflicted's skull to let it out. This procedure is called

Accepted Answer

The procedure described is called trephination, an ancient surgical intervention where a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull to treat health problems related to intracranial diseases or release pressured blood buildup from an injury.

Question 18

Which of the following is not an example of a personality disorder as stated in the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is classified as a psychotic disorder, not a personality disorder, in the DSM-5. Narcissistic, Antisocial, and Borderline are all examples of personality disorders.

Question 19

Difficulty concentrating and extreme impulsivity are most central to the diagnosis of ________.

Accepted Answer

Difficulty concentrating and extreme impulsivity are hallmark symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), making it the correct diagnosis among the options provided.

Question 20

What disorder does Jacob have when he shows extreme social discomfort and timidity, as well as feelings of inadequacy?

Accepted Answer

Jacob's symptoms of extreme social discomfort, timidity, and feelings of inadequacy are characteristic of Avoidant Personality Disorder. This disorder involves a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.

Quiz 16: Psychological Disorders