Question 1

List and describe the role of four different factors that have been found to influence initial interpersonal attraction.

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Question 2

The link between people's behaviour and personal factors is well established in a "Westernized" culture and this is not linked to the concept of individualism.

Accepted Answer

The link between people's behavior and personal factors in "Westernized" cultures is often associated with the concept of individualism, which emphasizes the importance of individual traits, autonomy, and personal achievement.

Question 3

What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis? How has this hypothesis withstood empirical testing? What other genetic (including brain regions and body chemicals) and environmental factors are related to aggressive behaviour?

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Question 4

Describe some gender differences in mate preference and the social structure model's explanation of such gender differences.

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Question 5

What kind of explanation does social exchange theory offer regarding the growth of close relationships? Discuss and summarize the key constructs of the theory.

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Question 6

Both low serotonin and low testosterone are associated with higher levels of aggression.

Accepted Answer

Low serotonin levels are associated with higher levels of aggression, but high testosterone levels, rather than low, have been linked to increased aggression in some studies.

Question 7

If I have a positive attitude towards calling my family every week, then I am more likely to continue calling them. This would be an application of theory of planned behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The Theory of Planned Behavior suggests that a person's attitude towards a behavior, along with subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, influences their intentions and actions. A positive attitude towards calling family would likely increase the intention to perform this behavior, making it more probable to continue.

Question 8

The matching effect refers to people's tendency to prefer romantic partners whose major personality traits are similar to their own.

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Question 9

What does theory say about the role of the media in influencing aggression? What does research show regarding the impact on behaviour?

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Question 10

A person is more likely to retaliate and act aggressively if she perceives another person's negative behaviour as being intentional.

Accepted Answer

Research in social psychology suggests that perceptions of intentionality in others' negative actions can increase feelings of anger or threat, leading to a higher likelihood of retaliatory aggression.

Question 11

Describe in detail the design and results of Stanley Milgram's obedience ("shock training") study. Discuss the impact of three different factors that can affect obedience. How important were various personal characteristics in predicting obedience?

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Question 12

According to John Darley and Bibb Latané, what are the two primary mechanisms that may be responsible for the failure of bystanders to help during emergencies? Describe each of them. What types of people are bystanders most likely to help? If you were going to try to increase prosocial helping behaviour, what are four things you might try?

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Question 13

Physical attractiveness during the college years is unrelated to life satisfaction in middle age.

Accepted Answer

Physical attractiveness during the college years has been found to be unrelated to life satisfaction in middle age.

Question 14

List and give examples of four different types of compliance techniques. Give specific examples to demonstrate each of the techniques.

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Question 15

Summarize Solomon Asch's study on conformity ("line judgment" study) and the results he obtained. List and define the two different types of social influence that may have produced these results and discuss three different factors that have been shown to influence conformity.

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Question 16

Two siblings grew up competitive of each other. They haven't seen each other for 10 years but met for their father's funeral to get their inheritance. One sibling believes that the other sibling would be greedy and would demand most of the inheritance. This overestimated role of factors would be an example of a fundamental attribution error.

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to overestimate the role of personal characteristics and underestimate the influence of situational factors in explaining someone else's behavior. In this case, the sibling attributes the other's potential greediness to their character rather than considering situational factors or past misunderstandings that might influence their behavior.

Question 17

What is the difference between group polarization and groupthink? For group polarization, discuss two processes that may explain its occurrence. For groupthink, discuss some of its symptoms and several factors that make it more likely to occur.

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Question 18

When I see all my friends post their pictures on Instagram and I find myself doing the same then this would be an example of internal attributions.

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This is an example of external attributions because you are attributing your behavior to the influence of your social environment or peer behavior, rather than to internal factors or personal decisions.

Question 19

Define the term "prejudice" and differentiate it from the term "discrimination." According to social identity theory and realistic conflict theory, what are the possible motivational roots for prejudice? How might the phenomenon of the self-fulfilling prophecy explain the occurrence and persistence of negative stereotypes?

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Question 20

What is social loafing and when does it occur? How does the collective effort model explain its occurrence? What is the impact of culture and gender with regard to this phenomenon?

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Quiz 13: Behaviour in a Social Context