Question 1

Bill loves to play guitar. He does not really care about performing or getting paid, he just enjoys playing. Bill's guitar playing is driven by

Accepted Answer

Bill's enjoyment of playing guitar for its own sake, without concern for external rewards or recognition, is an example of intrinsic motivation. This type of motivation arises from within the individual, driven by personal satisfaction and interest in the activity itself.

Question 2

John (a man) claims that he has multiple orgasms during sex. However, you do not believe him. Why?

Accepted Answer

Males typically enter a refractory period after orgasm, during which it is impossible for them to achieve another orgasm until this period has ended. This physiological response differs from females, who may not have such a distinct or prolonged refractory period and can potentially experience multiple orgasms in a short time frame.

Question 3

As you get ready to write an exam, you are concerned that other students will do much better than you. You are focusing on

Accepted Answer

Performance-avoidance goals are focused on avoiding failure and the concern about doing worse than others, which aligns with the scenario described.

Question 4

All of the following are involved in the regulation of hunger EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The pons is not directly involved in the regulation of hunger; this function is primarily associated with parts of the hypothalamus and certain peptides like neuropeptide Y.

Question 5

You are working on a new drug to help people with an eating problem. Your drug targets ghrelin. Most likely you are trying to

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage. Targeting ghrelin with a drug to help people with an eating problem would most likely aim to get people to gain an appetite.

Question 6

Many brain regions are involved in our reaction to food and food choice. All of the following are implicated EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

The pons is primarily involved in basic bodily functions such as breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance. It is not directly implicated in the reaction to food and food choice, unlike the nucleus accumbens, visual cortex, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, which play roles in reward, visual processing, decision-making, and emotional responses, respectively.

Question 7

As you get ready to write an exam, you are concerned that you will not be able to live up to your own standards. You are focusing on

Accepted Answer

The answer of As you get ready to write an...

Question 8

You really want to buy a new phone, but you know that you should really not spend the money. As you walk through the mall and get closer and closer to the phone store, motivational conflict theory predicts that

Accepted Answer

The answer of You really want to buy a new...

Question 9

Let's say that we have a way to measure expectancy, incentive value and motivation. Joel wants to learn to play guitar. Expectancy is a 10 and motivation is 100. According to expectancy value theory, Joel's incentive value is

Accepted Answer

Expectancy value theory states that motivation is equal to the expectancy of success multiplied by the incentive value of the goal. In this case, Joel's expectancy is 10 and his motivation is 100, so his incentive value must be 10.

Question 10

Bill used to love playing guitar. Now he plays gigs just to make money. Bill's guitar playing is driven by

Accepted Answer

Bill's guitar playing is driven by extrinsic motivation because he plays gigs just to make money, rather than for the love of playing guitar or personal enjoyment.

Question 11

You observe a patient who seems to experience and express a lot of emotion, but he is unable to regulate his emotional behaviour. We might expect to find damage to which of the following brain areas?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is involved in regulating emotions and decision-making. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties in controlling emotional behavior.

Question 12

A good friend of yours has an injury that prevents her from experiencing any bodily arousal. However, she reports that she still experiences emotion. Your friend's situation argues most strongly against which of the following theories of emotion?

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion. If your friend cannot experience bodily arousal but still experiences emotion, this situation contradicts the James-Lange theory, which posits that bodily arousal is a prerequisite for emotional experience.

Question 13

Hungry is controlled by a variety of mechanisms. We "feel full" because of the release of _____, but food intake is regulated by _____.

Accepted Answer

Feeling full is primarily due to the release of Cholecystokinin (CCK), while overall food intake and energy balance are regulated by Leptin. CCK is released in response to food intake to help reduce appetite, whereas leptin is produced by fat cells and helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.

Question 14

You really want to buy a new phone, but you know that you should really not spend the money. This is a classic example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of an approach-avoidance conflict, where you are drawn to something but also repelled by it at the same time. In this case, the desire to buy a new phone (approach) conflicts with the knowledge that spending the money would be unwise (avoidance).

Question 15

As you get ready to write an exam, you are thinking about all the great new knowledge you have acquired. You are focusing on

Accepted Answer

Focusing on the great new knowledge you have acquired is indicative of mastery-approach goals, which involve a desire to learn and understand new things, improving oneself in the process.

Question 16

As you get ready to write an exam, you are thinking about your grade and how you will be at the top of the class this time. You are focusing on

Accepted Answer

Focusing on achieving a high grade to be at the top of the class is an example of performance-approach goals, where the aim is to outperform others.

Question 17

All of the following are involved in the regulation of hunger EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is primarily involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, not hunger. Ghrelin and leptin are hormones directly involved in hunger signals, CCK (cholecystokinin) is involved in digestion and signals satiety, and the hypothalamus is a brain region that plays a central role in hunger regulation.

Question 18

Jim is trying to lose some weight. If we were to monitor brain areas while Jim looked at pictures of food, we would see increased activity in the

Accepted Answer

The nucleus accumbens is part of the brain's reward system and is activated by things that are pleasurable or desirable, such as food, especially when a person is trying to lose weight. This area is closely linked to the motivation and pleasure associated with eating.

Question 19

Let's say that we have a way to measure expectancy, incentive value and motivation. Joel wants to learn to play guitar. Expectancy is a 10 and incentive value is also a 10. According to expectancy value theory, Joel's motivation is

Accepted Answer

According to expectancy-value theory, motivation is calculated by multiplying expectancy by incentive value. Since both are 10, Joel's motivation would be 10 * 10 = 100.

Question 20

Professor Sorrenson wants to investigate the physiological basis of hunger. According to the most recent research, which of the following brain areas would you suggest he explore?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professor Sorrenson wants to investigate the physiological...

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion

Bill loves to play guitar. He does not really care about performing or getting paid, he just enjoys playing. Bill's guitar playing is driven by

John (a man) claims that he has multiple orgasms during sex. However, you do not believe him. Why?

As you get ready to write an exam, you are concerned that other students will do much better than you. You are focusing on

All of the following are involved in the regulation of hunger EXCEPT

You are working on a new drug to help people with an eating problem. Your drug targets ghrelin. Most likely you are trying to

Many brain regions are involved in our reaction to food and food choice. All of the following are implicated EXCEPT the

As you get ready to write an exam, you are concerned that you will not be able to live up to your own standards. You are focusing on

You really want to buy a new phone, but you know that you should really not spend the money. As you walk through the mall and get closer and closer to the phone store, motivational conflict theory predicts that

Let's say that we have a way to measure expectancy, incentive value and motivation. Joel wants to learn to play guitar. Expectancy is a 10 and motivation is 100. According to expectancy value theory, Joel's incentive value is

Bill used to love playing guitar. Now he plays gigs just to make money. Bill's guitar playing is driven by

You observe a patient who seems to experience and express a lot of emotion, but he is unable to regulate his emotional behaviour. We might expect to find damage to which of the following brain areas?

A good friend of yours has an injury that prevents her from experiencing any bodily arousal. However, she reports that she still experiences emotion. Your friend's situation argues most strongly against which of the following theories of emotion?

Hungry is controlled by a variety of mechanisms. We "feel full" because of the release of _, but food intake is regulated by _.

You really want to buy a new phone, but you know that you should really not spend the money. This is a classic example of a(n)

As you get ready to write an exam, you are thinking about all the great new knowledge you have acquired. You are focusing on

As you get ready to write an exam, you are thinking about your grade and how you will be at the top of the class this time. You are focusing on

All of the following are involved in the regulation of hunger EXCEPT

Jim is trying to lose some weight. If we were to monitor brain areas while Jim looked at pictures of food, we would see increased activity in the

Let's say that we have a way to measure expectancy, incentive value and motivation. Joel wants to learn to play guitar. Expectancy is a 10 and incentive value is also a 10. According to expectancy value theory, Joel's motivation is

Professor Sorrenson wants to investigate the physiological basis of hunger. According to the most recent research, which of the following brain areas would you suggest he explore?