Question 1

Amelia and Scott are assembling a bunk bed set together. Amelia is reading the plans and tells Scott that the next part they need is an L shaped piece. Scott holds up a piece upside down and asks if it is the correct one. Amelia says he is holding it wrong so he turns it sideways. Assuming it is the correct piece, based on the research by Shepard and Metzler on mental rotation, for which orientation will Amelia find it easiest to recognize that the piece matches the picture in the instructions?
A)upside down and therefore oriented at 180 degrees
B)sideways and therefore oriented at 90 degrees
C)both orientations will be of the same difficulty
D)it depends on whether Amelia is right handed or left handed

Accepted Answer

According to Shepard and Metzler's research on mental rotation, objects are most easily recognized when they are oriented closer to their original position. A 90-degree rotation (sideways) is easier to mentally rotate back to the original position than a 180-degree rotation (upside down).

Question 2

Cara is terrible at remembering numbers so whenever someone gives her their phone number she makes a point of writing it down as she does not trust her ability to remember the number. This awareness is an example of
A)a problem-solving schema
B)metacomprehension
C)memorystrategy
D)metamemory

Accepted Answer

Cara's awareness of her own memory limitations and her strategy to compensate for it by writing down phone numbers is an example of metamemory. Metamemory refers to one's knowledge and awareness of their own memory processes and capabilities.

Question 3

Night-time dreams and studies on mental rotation are examples of
A)mental icons
B)mental images
C)iconic sensory memory
D)pictorial memory

Accepted Answer

Night-time dreams and studies on mental rotation are examples of mental images, as they involve visualizing or experiencing visual content in the absence of direct sensory input. Mental images can be manipulated in the mind, similar to how one might rotate or interact with objects in physical space.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT one of the major components of wisdom proposed by Baltes and colleagues?
A)Knowledge about human nature and social relationships
B)Strategies for making decisions and handling conflict
C)Recognizing that values and priorities differ across people and societies
D)Being able to generate novel ideas that depart from the norm

Accepted Answer

Baltes and colleagues' model of wisdom focuses on practical knowledge and understanding of life, including human nature, social relationships, and the variability of values and priorities across individuals and societies. Generating novel ideas that depart from the norm is not listed as a component of their wisdom model.

Question 5

You are trying to imagine how you are going to toss your keys across the crowded room to your friend. This is an example of
A)motoric thought
B)propositional thought
C)prototypes
D)propositions
E)the linguistic relativity hypothesis

Accepted Answer

Motoric thought involves thinking about movements or actions, such as imagining the physical act of tossing keys across a room.

Question 6

A representation of a stimulus that originates inside your brain rather than from external sensory input is known as
A)a mental icon
B)a mental image
C)iconic sensory memory
D)pictorial memory

Accepted Answer

A mental image is a representation of a stimulus that originates inside your brain rather than from external sensory input. It involves imagining or recalling visual information in the absence of the actual sensory input.

Question 7

After the cooing stage comes the __________ stage. At this point, children ________.
A)sensitive; learn language easily
B)babbling; have vocalizations from the entire range of phonemes found in the world's languages
C)motherese; only understand high-pitched intonations
D)babbling; have vocalizations more similar to their native language
E)telegraphic; progress from crying to babbling

Accepted Answer

After the cooing stage, children enter the babbling stage, where their vocalizations become more similar to the sounds of their native language.

Question 8

Mental imagery involves
A)a sensory experience in the absence of the immediate external sensory input
B)mental representation of current sensory inputs
C)sensory representations of a stimulus
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

Mental imagery involves creating or recreating experiences in the mind in the absence of immediate external sensory input, which means it's a sensory experience without the actual sensory stimuli present.

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT aid students in judging metacomprehension and enhancing academic performance?
A)doing practice quizzes like those found in study guides
B)writing delayed summaries of material read
C)memorizing specific questions and their answers on practice quizzes
D)using review questions to help write summarizes

Accepted Answer

Memorizing specific questions and their answers on practice quizzes does not aid in judging metacomprehension or enhancing academic performance because it focuses on rote memorization rather than understanding the material or applying it in different contexts.

Question 10

Michael goes to a French immersion school because his parents want him to be proficient in French. According to the recent research, Michael
A)probably demonstrates greater cognitive flexibility than monolingual peers
B)is disadvantaged because he has to learn two sets of grammar and vocabulary
C)more than likely performs below average on standardized intelligence tests
D)may outperform monolingual students in reading
E)shows greater cognitive flexibility and better reading skills compared to monolingual students

Accepted Answer

The answer of Michael goes to a French immersion school...

Question 11

Your awareness and understanding of your own cognitive abilities is known as:
A)metacomprehension.
B)metamemory.
C)metalingusitics.
D)metacognition.

Accepted Answer

Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. It involves thinking about one's own learning, understanding, and memory processes, which is what the question describes.

Question 12

According to your textbook, does research support the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature or that it is based on linguistic concepts?
A)Research supports the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature.
B)Research supports the view that mental imagery is based on linguistic concepts.
C)Research using mental rotation and visual scanning tasks support the viewpoint that mental imagery is perceptual in nature but brain research supports the view that it is based on linguistic concepts.
D)Research using mental rotation and visual scanning tasks support the viewpoint that mental imagery is based on linguistic concepts but brain research supports the view that it is perceptual in nature.

Accepted Answer

Research supports the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature, as evidenced by studies on mental rotation and visual scanning, which show that the brain processes mental images in a similar way to how it processes actual visual perceptions.

Question 13

Simon had a big fight with his girlfriend and he is not certain now what he should do about it. He has a close relationship with his grandfather so Simon talks to him about his problem. His grandfather's advice turns out to be very helpful and relieves the strain the fight had on the relationship. Which of Baltes' five components of wisdom did Simon's grandfather show evidence of?
A)Rich procedural knowledge about life
B)An understanding of lifespan contexts
C)An awareness of relativism
D)The ability to recognize and manage uncertainty

Accepted Answer

Simon's grandfather demonstrated rich procedural knowledge about life by providing helpful advice that relieved the strain on Simon's relationship.

Question 14

A headline in a newspaper reads "Suicide more common than thought". This is an example of a sentence that
A)has incorrect surface structure
B)has two different deep structures
C)has too many phonemes
D)does not adhere to the displacement aspect of language
E)is not generative

Accepted Answer

The headline "Suicide more common than thought" can be interpreted in two ways: it could mean that suicide occurs more frequently than people generally believe, or it could imply that suicide is more prevalent than thinking (as an activity). This ambiguity means the sentence has two different deep structures, or underlying meanings, despite having the same surface structure (the words and order used).

Question 15

A system of knowledge about the meaning and conduct of life is known as
A)divergent thinking
B)crystallized intelligence
C)wisdom
D)problem-solving schemas

Accepted Answer

Wisdom refers to a deep, mature understanding of life, encompassing insights into human nature, decision-making, and the complexities of life, making it the correct answer.

Question 16

The results of mental scanning experiments indicate that:
A)there is a constant scanning times for all locations on an image.
B)there is a negative linear relationship between scanning time and distance on an image.
C)there is a positive linear relationship between scanning time and distance on an image.
D)mental scanning does not operate like visual scanning

Accepted Answer

Mental scanning experiments have shown that there is a positive linear relationship between scanning time and distance on an image, meaning that as the distance increases, the time it takes for a person to mentally scan between two points also increases. This suggests that mental scanning operates in a similar manner to visual scanning, where greater distances require more time to traverse.

Question 17

In Theide and Anderson's study on metacomprehension in undergraduates, what was the relationship between metacomprehension and performance for students writing summaries and the control group?
A)Only students in the delayed summary group were able to judge their comprehension accurately.
B)There was a positive correlation between comprehension and performance for all groups but the relationship was much weaker for the immediate summary and control groups.
C)There was a positive correlation between comprehension and performance for the two summary groups but not for the control group.
D)None of the groups were accurate at judging their comprehension.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Theide and Anderson's study on metacomprehension...

Question 18

A researcher asks a four-year-old how to make cookies. The child answers: "You mix the sugar and butter and flour, you put them in the oven, then you eat them!" This four-year-old shows evidence of a rudimentary _________ for baking cookies.
A)script
B)guideline
C)framework
D)procedure

Accepted Answer

The child's description of making cookies outlines a basic sequence of events or actions, which is what a "script" in cognitive psychology refers to. A script is a structured sequence of expected behaviors for a given situation, much like a script for a play.

Question 19

In the classic study on mental rotation, what did Shepard and Metzler find was the relationship between the speed that participants made judgments on whether two shapes were the same or different, and the degree of rotation?
A)Degree of rotation did not affect participants' response time
B)The relationship between degree of rotation and response time was curvilinear
C)The greater the degree of rotation, the longer it took participants to respond
D)The greater the degree of rotation, the slower participants took to respond

Accepted Answer

Shepard and Metzler found that the time it took participants to decide if two shapes were the same increased linearly with the degree of rotation between the shapes.

Question 20

Many researchers believe that mental images, while not literally pictures in the mind, function in ways analogous to actual visual images. How does the research by Shepard and Metzler on mental rotation apply to this idea?
A)Their findings indicate that mental images are not like pictures.
B)Their findings indicate that mental images might operate like pictures.
C)Their findings are inconclusive and neither support nor refute the idea.
D)Their research cannot address this idea.

Accepted Answer

Shepard and Metzler's research on mental rotation demonstrated that the time it takes for people to mentally rotate objects is linearly related to the degree of rotation required, suggesting that mental images are manipulated in a way similar to physical objects, thus supporting the idea that mental images might operate like pictures.

Quiz 9: Language and Thinking

Cara is terrible at remembering numbers so whenever someone gives her their phone number she makes a point of writing it down as she does not trust her ability to remember the number. This awareness is an example of

Night-time dreams and studies on mental rotation are examples of

Which of the following was NOT one of the major components of wisdom proposed by Baltes and colleagues?

You are trying to imagine how you are going to toss your keys across the crowded room to your friend. This is an example of

A representation of a stimulus that originates inside your brain rather than from external sensory input is known as

After the cooing stage comes the __ stage. At this point, children .

Mental imagery involves

Which of the following does NOT aid students in judging metacomprehension and enhancing academic performance?

Michael goes to a French immersion school because his parents want him to be proficient in French. According to the recent research, Michael

Your awareness and understanding of your own cognitive abilities is known as:

According to your textbook, does research support the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature or that it is based on linguistic concepts?

A headline in a newspaper reads "Suicide more common than thought". This is an example of a sentence that

A system of knowledge about the meaning and conduct of life is known as

The results of mental scanning experiments indicate that:

In Theide and Anderson's study on metacomprehension in undergraduates, what was the relationship between metacomprehension and performance for students writing summaries and the control group?

A researcher asks a four-year-old how to make cookies. The child answers: "You mix the sugar and butter and flour, you put them in the oven, then you eat them!" This four-year-old shows evidence of a rudimentary _________ for baking cookies.

In the classic study on mental rotation, what did Shepard and Metzler find was the relationship between the speed that participants made judgments on whether two shapes were the same or different, and the degree of rotation?

Many researchers believe that mental images, while not literally pictures in the mind, function in ways analogous to actual visual images. How does the research by Shepard and Metzler on mental rotation apply to this idea?