Question 1

A psychological researcher states that we will greatly enhance our understanding of how humans think if we are able to simulate or duplicate human cognitive processes using computers. This researcher is most likely working from which perspective?

Accepted Answer

The researcher's focus on simulating or duplicating human cognitive processes using computers aligns with the cognitive perspective, which emphasizes the importance of internal mental processes in understanding behavior.

Question 2

Research on perceptual illusions provides evidence that the mind perceives elements as a meaningful whole, a position advocated for by

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology emphasizes that the human mind perceives objects not by their individual parts, but as a whole. This approach is directly related to the study of perceptual illusions, which often demonstrate how our perception can be tricked into seeing a unified whole rather than the separate components.

Question 3

What level of analysis does the cognitive perspective usually take?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making, which are all aspects of psychological analysis.

Question 4

William James helped develop which school of thought?

Accepted Answer

William James is considered a founder of functionalism, a school of thought in psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Question 5

The statement, "the whole is greater than, and often very different from, the sum of its parts," is most likely from which school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

This statement is a fundamental principle of Gestalt psychology, which emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts, suggesting that the mind perceives objects as part of a greater whole and as elements of more complex systems.

Question 6

Researchers who believed in the structuralism school of psychological thought studied sensations through which method?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism, an early school of psychology, emphasized understanding the structure of the mind by analyzing the most basic components of conscious experience. Introspection, a method where individuals report their thoughts and feelings, was used extensively by researchers in this field to study sensations and perceptions.

Question 7

Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky were mentioned as theorists who have had a strong impact on which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development, which describes how children's thinking evolves as they grow. Noam Chomsky's theory of universal grammar suggests that the ability to acquire language is innate, emphasizing the role of biological factors in cognitive processes. Both theorists are central figures in the cognitive perspective, which focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, problem-solving, and language.

Question 8

Who founded the first laboratory of experimental psychology in 1879?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is credited with founding the first laboratory dedicated specifically to experimental psychology in 1879, at the University of Leipzig in Germany. This event marks the formal establishment of psychology as a separate and distinct scientific discipline.

Question 9

What level of analysis does the behaviourist perspective usually take?

Accepted Answer

The behaviourist perspective focuses on observable behaviors and the ways in which they are learned through interaction with the environment. This perspective emphasizes the role of environmental stimuli in shaping behavior, rather than internal psychological processes or biological factors.

Question 10

A researcher is interested in exploring the nature of attention and consciousness as well as how unconscious processes influence behaviour. This researcher takes what type of perspective in the study of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is interested in exploring the...

Question 11

Which approach to psychology is concerned with how elements of experience are organized into wholes?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology emphasizes understanding psychological phenomena by viewing them as organized and structured wholes rather than the sum of their parts. This contrasts with approaches like structuralism, which aims to break down mental processes into their most basic elements.

Question 12

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener both believed that the mind could be studied by breaking it down into its essential components. The approach that Wundt and Titchener espoused was known as

Accepted Answer

Structuralism is the approach that Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener are most associated with. This approach aimed to understand the structure of the mind by breaking down mental processes into their most basic components.

Question 13

Researchers who are interested in developing complex computer models of human thought, reasoning, and problem solving would most likely be taking which perspective?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding internal mental processes such as thought, reasoning, and problem solving, which aligns with the interest in developing complex computer models of these processes.

Question 14

A method of analyzing and studying the mind in terms of its basic elements is known as

Accepted Answer

Structuralism is the approach in psychology that aims to analyze the mind in terms of its basic elements. It focuses on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Edward Titchener, a student of Wilhelm Wundt, is closely associated with this approach.

Question 15

While structuralists held that psychology should study the basic elements of consciousness, functionalists argued that psychology should concentrate on

Accepted Answer

Functionalists believed that psychology should focus on the purpose and function of consciousness, including the reasons behind it, rather than just its basic elements.

Question 16

Some of the ideas from functionalism live on in what more modern approach to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism, which emphasizes the purpose and adaptive nature of human behavior, has concepts that live on in evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary psychology focuses on how evolutionary principles such as natural selection influence human thought, feeling, and behavior, making it a modern extension of some functionalist ideas.

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT provided in the textbook as influential in starting the cognitive revolution?

Accepted Answer

Research on eye-witness testimony and the distortion of memory was not mentioned as a factor that influenced the start of the cognitive revolution. The cognitive revolution was primarily influenced by factors such as the development of the computer, which provided a new metaphor for thinking about the mind; psychologists' work during World War II, which highlighted the importance of understanding human cognition for designing effective equipment and systems; and debates on language acquisition, which underscored the complexity of cognitive processes.

Question 18

Senara is conducting a study on how stress can influence problem-solving by manipulating the amount of time and the level of difficulty of the problems to solve. Which perspective is Senara taking to the study of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Senara's study focuses on internal processes such as thinking and problem-solving, which are central to the cognitive perspective in psychology. This perspective examines how people understand, diagnose, and solve problems, emphasizing mental processes.

Question 19

When did the cognitive revolution occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When did the cognitive revolution occur?
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Question 20

Professor Jean Piaget is best known for his research in which area?

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget is most renowned for his pioneering work in the field of cognitive development in children, where he proposed several stages of cognitive development that children go through as they grow.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour