Question 1

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, _____ needs involve needs beyond the self that arise only when all of the other needs are met.

Accepted Answer

Self-transcendence needs refer to the stage beyond self-actualization, where individuals seek to further a cause beyond the self and to experience a communion beyond the boundaries of the self through peak experiences. This concept was later added by Maslow and represents the highest level in his extended hierarchy of needs.

Question 2

Statistically speaking, which person would be MOST likely to be concerned about looking gluttonous while eating?

Accepted Answer

Research and societal observations suggest that women are more likely to be concerned about their appearance and how their eating habits are perceived by others due to societal pressures and expectations regarding femininity and body image.

Question 3

Bronwen has had a series of bad first dates. She often becomes quite bored with the conversation early on and then dinner feels like it drags on for hours. Instead of dinner, Bronwen now suggests meeting someone for the first time over coffee. Which emotion regulation strategy is Bronwen using?

Accepted Answer

Bronwen is using situation modification as her emotion regulation strategy by changing the context or environment (from dinner to coffee) to influence her emotional experience during first dates. This proactive approach aims to create a more favorable outcome by altering the external circumstances.

Question 4

Which statement about motivation and emotion is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both motivation and emotion derive from the Latin word "movere," which means "to move." This highlights the shared origin of the terms, emphasizing their connection to driving action or movement.

Question 5

"Start eating-your stomach is empty." This message is triggered by which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage. It is produced in the stomach and signals the brain when it's time to eat.

Question 6

Tomas works hard in his garden because he knows he can sell his homegrown produce at the local farmer's market. Ahmed spends a lot of time gardening because of his sheer passion for growing beautiful flowers and vegetables. Tomas is demonstrating _____, whereas Ahmed is demonstrating _____.

Accepted Answer

Tomas is motivated by external rewards (selling produce), which is extrinsic motivation. Ahmed gardens for the joy and satisfaction it brings him, which is intrinsic motivation.

Question 7

Solitary confinement can be an effective form of punishment because it deprives a person of his or her basic need for:

Accepted Answer

Solitary confinement deprives a person of social interactions and connections, which are essential for fulfilling the basic human need for belongingness and love, as outlined in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 8

_____ is an external reward.

Accepted Answer

An incentive is an external reward designed to motivate behavior, unlike the other options which are internal states or drives.

Question 9

According to the facial feedback theory, a person can experience fear by:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback theory suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences. Therefore, adopting an expression of fear (e.g., eyes widened, eyebrows slanted upward) can actually lead to the experience of fear.

Question 10

According to research findings on the self-determination theory, a person who is trying to live a healthier lifestyle would MOST likely make more significant improvements that last longer if they are making the changes because:

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation—doing something because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable, rather than for some separable consequence. When a person makes changes because they personally want to, it reflects intrinsic motivation, which is more likely to lead to significant and lasting improvements according to the theory.

Question 11

An example of intrinsic motivation is:

Accepted Answer

Lenny's motivation to play the flute stems from his internal passion for music, making it an example of intrinsic motivation. Unlike the other options, his action is driven by personal satisfaction and interest rather than external rewards or pressures.

Question 12

Research has found all of these to be benefits of positive emotions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Increased response modulation is not typically listed as a direct benefit of positive emotions. Positive emotions are more commonly associated with benefits such as long-term physical health, creative problem solving, and better interactions with others. Response modulation refers to the ability to regulate emotional responses, which is not directly improved by simply experiencing positive emotions.

Question 13

Meha works at a call center and finds the work to be very stressful. Nevertheless, Meha plans to continue working there for the next few years because the pay is good and she wants to begin saving some money. In this scenario, the pay is considered a(n):

Accepted Answer

The pay is considered an incentive because it is an external reward that motivates Meha to continue working in a stressful job, highlighting the role of external factors in influencing behavior.

Question 14

Emotion is BEST defined as:

Accepted Answer

Emotion encompasses all aspects of feeling, including the physiological (bodily), the expressive (behavioral), and the cognitive (mental) changes that occur when emotions are experienced.

Question 15

In lab experiments, researchers have found that injecting extra _____ into mice caused them to eat less.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone associated with appetite control. When levels of leptin increase, it signals the brain that the body has enough energy stored, which reduces appetite and makes individuals eat less. Injecting extra leptin into mice has been shown to cause them to eat less by enhancing this signal.

Question 16

During a cross-country championship race, Coach Tam cheers on her runners at various locations on the 3-mile course. Toward the middle of the race, Coach Tam shouts out to her runners, "Chin up and smile!" Even though the runners were physically exhausted and in pain, they admitted afterward that smiling actually helped them feel more positive. Coach Tam's strategy is informed by the:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback theory suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences. By encouraging her runners to smile, Coach Tam was leveraging this theory, aiming to improve their emotional state and possibly their performance.

Question 17

Meeting self-transcendence needs is BEST reflected by:

Accepted Answer

Self-transcendence needs refer to the pursuit of something beyond oneself, such as contributing to society or a cause larger than personal gain, which is best exemplified by dedicating one's life to a social cause.

Question 18

A body mass index (BMI) _____ falls into the category of overweight.

Accepted Answer

A BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight according to standard health guidelines.

Question 19

Which statement about emotions is MOST accurate? Emotions are:

Accepted Answer

Emotions encompass both mental and physical experiences. Mentally, they involve feelings, thoughts, and subjective evaluations. Physically, they can trigger bodily reactions such as changes in heart rate, breathing, and hormone levels.

Question 20

Which theory of emotion states that you experience emotion by first noticing bodily changes and then interpreting them as particular feelings?

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. According to this theory, you first experience physiological arousal or changes in your body, and then you interpret these bodily changes as specific emotions.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion