Question 1

Intelligence is the ability to:

Accepted Answer

Intelligence is most accurately defined as the ability to gain knowledge and learn from experience. This encompasses a wide range of cognitive processes, including problem-solving, understanding complex ideas, and adapting to new situations.

Question 2

In a game of trivia with your friends, you surprise yourself with how many questions you get correct. According to Cattell's model of intelligence, you have a higher amount of _____ than you had realized.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the ability to use learned knowledge and experience, which is what you are demonstrating in a trivia game by recalling and applying information you have previously learned.

Question 3

_____ is the tendency of a test to produce scores in a consistently inaccurate way for members of particular groups.

Accepted Answer

Test bias occurs when a test consistently produces results that are systematically inaccurate for members of specific groups, indicating that the test may unfairly favor or disadvantage certain groups.

Question 4

Which statement about reliability and validity falls short of meeting high professional standards for tests?

Accepted Answer

A test must be both reliable and valid to meet high professional standards. Reliability alone is insufficient if the test does not accurately measure what it is supposed to measure, which is the essence of validity.

Question 5

Which statement about the evolution of language is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The exact process by which human language evolved to its current level of sophistication remains largely speculative and is not fully understood. There is no consensus among experts on a precise mechanism or timeline, making the claim that experts have determined exactly how human language became so sophisticated false.

Question 6

Kahla is a junior in high school who scores very high on an intelligence test. Statistically speaking, it can be expected that Kahla will MOST likely:

Accepted Answer

Achievement tests measure what one has learned or accomplished in a specific area, and individuals who score high on intelligence tests often also perform well on achievement tests due to their ability to learn, understand, and apply information effectively.

Question 7

Only thinking about how an object is most typically used rather than other possible uses is called:

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used, rather than considering a range of possible uses.

Question 8

According to James Cattell, _____ intelligence(s) is the ability to solve new problems, whereas _____ intelligence(s) is stored knowledge.

Accepted Answer

James Cattell introduced the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence is the capacity to solve novel problems, while crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired throughout life.

Question 9

Jamal has complained to his next-door neighbor, Darrel, numerous times about Darrel's cat wandering in Jamal's front yard and killing the birds that come to Jamal's feeder. Frustrated and angry, Jamal goes next door to complain again; this time he also points out that Darrel's oversized boat trailer is parked illegally in their residential community, and says, "I really hope no one decides to call the city to report this violation!" Jamal is strategically using:

Accepted Answer

Jamal is using indirect language to express his frustration and to hint at a possible action (reporting the boat trailer violation) without stating it outright. This approach allows him to convey his message in a less confrontational manner.

Question 10

Archer can't find his room key, and he has to get his textbook for his next class. He's locked himself out of his room before, and, in the past, the Resident Assistant on duty would let him in. This time, however, the RA is not in her room. Instead of calling security or the dorm office, Archer continues to spend time trying to find the RA. Archer is limited by his:

Accepted Answer

Archer is limited by his mental set, which is a tendency to approach situations in a certain way because that method has worked in the past. Instead of considering alternative solutions, he is fixated on finding the RA, as this solution has worked for him before.

Question 11

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, _____ intelligence relates to academic success, whereas _____ intelligence relates more to nonacademic ability.

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that logico-mathematical intelligence is closely related to traditional academic success, such as problem-solving and logical reasoning, while naturalistic intelligence involves understanding and working with nature and natural phenomena, which is considered a more nonacademic ability.

Question 12

_____ is an early stage of speech development during which a baby vocalizes a wide variety of nonword sounds.

Accepted Answer

Babbling is a stage in child development where infants produce sounds that do not form actual words but are precursors to real speech. This stage typically includes repetition of syllables, such as "ba-ba" or "da-da," and is an important part of language acquisition.

Question 13

Dr. Sluzala is a cognitive psychologist. Which topic does he MOST likely focus on?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on understanding mental processes such as thinking, memory, learning, and problem-solving.

Question 14

An example of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is:

Accepted Answer

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence refers to the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of physical skills. This intelligence also involves a sense of timing and the perfection of skills through mind–body union. Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and craftspeople exhibit well-developed bodily kinesthetic intelligence. A football player executing a perfect pass is a direct example of this, as it requires precise control over one's movements and coordination.

Question 15

Binh is from Vietnam and Adalberto is from Portugal. They are asked to group a picture of a dog with either the family that owns it or with other four-legged animals. According to research on the influence of culture on concept formation, it is MOST likely that:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that individuals from East Asian cultures (like Vietnam) are more likely to think holistically and consider context and relationships, thus Binh might group the dog with its family. In contrast, Western cultures (like Portugal) tend to focus on categories and attributes, leading Adalberto to group the dog with other four-legged animals.

Question 16

_____ is to consistency as _____ is to accuracy.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, while validity refers to the accuracy of a measure.

Question 17

All are versions of the hierarchical model of intelligence EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Spearman's general intelligence factor G is not a hierarchical model of intelligence; it proposes a single, general intelligence that influences all cognitive abilities, unlike the hierarchical models which suggest multiple levels of abilities.

Question 18

When intelligence scores of the population are graphed, the resulting graph is in the form of a:

Accepted Answer

Intelligence scores in the population typically follow a normal distribution, which is represented graphically as a bell curve. This means that most people score around the average, with fewer individuals scoring very high or very low.

Question 19

Which statement about intelligence tests professionally administered by psychologists is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence tests administered by psychologists involve face-to-face interactions where the psychologist is not only responsible for administering the test but also for scoring and interpreting the results. This approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of the individual's cognitive abilities and ensures that the test is administered consistently and accurately.

Question 20

Sam receives an e-mail invitation to interview for a job at an engineering firm. When she arrives, she is struck by the very male-dominated culture. Sam begins to wonder whether it was originally assumed that she was a male candidate. Prior to taking a Wechsler intelligence test that they administer to all job candidates, Sam overhears someone whisper, "No woman has ever scored high on this test here before." Although Sam is highly intelligent and wanted the job, what is the MOST likely explanation for her poor test performance that day?

Accepted Answer

Sam likely experienced stereotype threat, which occurs when an individual underperforms on a test due to the anxiety and pressure stemming from a negative stereotype about their group's abilities.

Quiz 7: Cognition: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence