Question 1

Which statement about grammar is FALSE? Grammar is:

Accepted Answer

Grammar is primarily learned by native speakers through immersion and use of the language in daily life, rather than through formal study of rulebooks. Rulebooks can help clarify or teach the formal aspects of a language, but they are not the primary method through which native speakers learn grammar.

Question 2

Which statement about the two types of thinking in the dual-process theory is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 thinking is characterized by slower, more analytical, and conscious thought processes, which contrasts with the use of quick, automatic heuristics typically associated with Type 1 thinking.

Question 3

Which statement is TRUE regarding how most people approach problem solving?

Accepted Answer

People often prefer faster, though less accurate, heuristic methods over algorithmic ones due to the cognitive effort and time required by algorithms.

Question 4

Cognition is BEST summarized as how we deal with:

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving. These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning.

Question 5

When confronted with any given problem, Kwing typically comes up with various approaches and original ideas for solving the problem. In doing so, Kwing demonstrates a great deal of:

Accepted Answer

Kwing's ability to come up with various approaches and original ideas for solving a problem demonstrates creativity, which involves thinking in new and novel ways.

Question 6

Which statement about specific learning disorders is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Many people with specific learning disabilities can indeed overcome their challenges and achieve success in various aspects of life. This is often accomplished through tailored educational strategies, support, and interventions that address their unique learning needs.

Question 7

What kinds of items would culture-fair intelligence tests MOST likely include?

Accepted Answer

Culture-fair intelligence tests are designed to minimize the influence of cultural background, language, and education. They often include non-verbal items such as mazes, puzzles, and visual memory games, which do not require specific cultural or language knowledge to solve.

Question 8

Johney recently became a new father. He will MOST likely communicate with his newborn infant using:

Accepted Answer

Parentese, also known as "motherese" or "infant-directed speech," is a form of speech characterized by a higher pitch, slower tempo, and exaggerated intonation that parents often use when talking to their newborns. It is designed to capture the infant's attention and facilitate language learning.

Question 9

Which statement about giftedness is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Giftedness does not guarantee success in school or careers. Success depends on various factors including motivation, opportunities, and support systems, not just intelligence.

Question 10

Research on the influence of culture on concept formation suggests that people in Asian cultures tend to take a(n) _____ approach, compared to people in European cultures who tend to take a _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that people in Asian cultures often adopt a relationship-based approach to concept formation, focusing on the context and relationships among items. In contrast, people in European cultures are more likely to use a feature-based approach, emphasizing the categorization of items based on their attributes or features.

Question 11

Which heuristic BEST exemplifies the impact emotion can have on thinking?

Accepted Answer

The affect heuristic is where people make decisions based on their emotions and feelings at the moment, showcasing how emotion can significantly impact thinking and decision-making processes.

Question 12

Nu Chu is at the airport to pick up a professor who is going to give a talk in the Psychology Department's speaker series at her college. Based on the representativeness heuristic, which person would she be MOST likely to approach?

Accepted Answer

The representativeness heuristic is a mental shortcut that involves making a probability judgment by comparing an object or person to a prototype of the object or person. In the context of picking up a professor for a Psychology Department's speaker series, Nu Chu is likely to approach the person who most closely matches her prototype of a professor. An older man in a tweed sport coat fits the stereotypical image of a professor more closely than the other options, making it the choice she would most likely make based on the representativeness heuristic.

Question 13

A _____ is considered the smallest meaningful unit of a language.

Accepted Answer

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language, which can be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix or suffix).

Question 14

Research results from twin and adoption studies have found that intelligence levels between _____ tend to be the MOST correlated.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins raised together tend to have the most correlated intelligence levels due to their shared genetics and environment.

Question 15

You are going on vacation in a couple of weeks and are in need of a pet-sitter. You see your neighbor outside and decide to ask her for this favor. However, as soon as you approach her, you can tell that she has had a really bad day. You engage in conversation and let her talk about what's bothering her. After an hour, she seems less stressed, but you decide to wait a few days to ask her about pet-sitting. Your _____ is what MOST likely helped you achieve the best outcome in this situation.

Accepted Answer

Your emotional intelligence likely helped you achieve the best outcome in this situation by allowing you to perceive and understand your neighbor's emotional state, leading you to decide to wait before asking for a favor.

Question 16

Dayton and Darrell are nontwin siblings raised together. Statistically speaking, their intelligence levels would be MORE correlated than:

Accepted Answer

Nontwin siblings raised together, like Dayton and Darrell, would have a lower correlation in intelligence levels compared to identical twins (whether raised together or apart) due to the identical twins sharing more genetic material. However, their intelligence levels would be more correlated than nontwin siblings raised apart, like Kaley and Epstein, because the shared environment contributes to the similarity in intelligence among siblings raised together.

Question 17

Research results from twin and adoption studies have found that intelligence levels between _____ tend to be the LEAST correlated.

Accepted Answer

Nontwin siblings raised apart tend to have the least correlated intelligence levels because they share less genetic material than other sibling pairs listed and environmental influences on their intelligence are also different due to being raised in different households.

Question 18

Which is the BEST example of decision making, as opposed to problem solving?

Accepted Answer

Decision making involves choosing between options or alternatives, such as deciding what to drink in the morning, which doesn't necessarily involve solving a problem.

Question 19

_____ is what your brain does with information, including understanding, organizing, analyzing, and communicating it.

Accepted Answer

Cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. It encompasses processes such as attention, the formation of knowledge, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and "computation", problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language.

Question 20

Which statement is an example of the durability bias?

Accepted Answer

The durability bias is the tendency to overestimate the length or intensity of future feelings. Statement D, "Winning the lottery would make me happy for the rest of my life," exemplifies this by assuming a permanent state of happiness from a single event, which is unrealistic.

Quiz 7: Cognition: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence