James recently began therapy for addiction to alcohol. Since beginning therapy a month ago, James stopped drinking alcohol altogether. After he stopped drinking, James has had many withdrawal symptoms including nausea and headaches. James also has been craving alcohol and frequently wants to begin drinking again. In therapy, James has learned that his withdrawal symptoms are due to his dependence on alcohol. James knows that his craving and desire to drink alcohol are examples of his _____ dependence.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

James's craving and desire to drink alcohol are examples of psychological dependence, which involves emotional–mental withdrawal symptoms such as cravings, anxiety, and irritability when a substance is not used. Physical dependence refers to physical withdrawal symptoms like nausea and headaches, which is separate from what is described in the question regarding cravings and desire.

James Recently Began Therapy for Addiction to Alcohol