Question 1

According to Erikson, the challenge of intimacy versus isolation occurs:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory posits that the challenge of intimacy versus isolation is a developmental struggle encountered during young adulthood, typically in the ages between 20 and 40 years.

Question 2

According to Erikson, adolescents must resolve the challenge of:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that adolescents face the challenge of identity versus role confusion, where they work on understanding who they are and what they want out of life.

Question 3

The longest part of a pregnancy, from the 9th week through to birth, is the period of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The period from the 9th week of pregnancy through to birth is known as the fetal stage, making "fetus" the correct term for this stage of development. Prior to this, the developing human is referred to as a zygote and then an embryo.

Question 4

Donna just turned 50, and she feels as if she is not making any real contributions through the career she has chosen. She is starting to believe that her life is meaningless and that it has had no purpose up until now. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Donna will:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, during middle adulthood, individuals face the crisis of generativity vs. stagnation. Donna's feelings of not making meaningful contributions suggest she may become stagnated, as she is struggling with finding purpose and generativity in her life.

Question 5

Yolanda is 24; Zachary is 44; Andrew is 74. Assume that each successfully completes the identity crisis associated with his or her current Eriksonian stage. Which of the following alternatives matches each individual with the correct developmental outcome

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development outlines stages that correspond with age ranges. Yolanda (24) is in the stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation, Zachary (44) is in the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Andrew (74) is in the stage of Ego Integrity vs. Despair. Therefore, the correct developmental outcomes for each, assuming successful resolution of their respective crises, are intimacy for Yolanda, generativity for Zachary, and ego integrity for Andrew.

Question 6

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order of development from conception to birth

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence from conception to birth is zygote, then embryo, and finally fetus.

Question 7

With respect to ovulation, which of the following statements is true

Accepted Answer

Ovulation typically occurs about halfway through a woman's menstrual cycle, around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, when a mature egg is released from the ovary, making it available for fertilization.

Question 8

Which of the following intellectual issues would seem MOST relevant to developmental psychology

Accepted Answer

The nature vs. nurture debate is most relevant to developmental psychology because it concerns the influence of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) on human development, a central topic in this field.

Question 9

Eugene is 27 years old, and he feels very insecure about some of the personal and career choices he has made so far. Consequently, he is reluctant at this point to undertake a serious, committed relationship with another person. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Eugene will:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, the stage of intimacy versus isolation occurs during young adulthood, and individuals who fail to develop intimate relationships will experience a sense of isolation. Eugene's reluctance to undertake a serious, committed relationship suggests that he is struggling with this stage and may be at risk of developing a sense of isolation.

Question 10

Elizabeth is 5 years old, and she wants to show her independence and initiative by helping her mother when it is time for dinner. But Elizabeth's mother doesn't allow her to help. Based on Erikson's theory, Elizabeth may develop:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, if a child's initiative is not encouraged, they may develop feelings of guilt. At Elizabeth's age, she is in the "initiative vs. guilt" stage, where children assert themselves more frequently and if their efforts are dismissed, they may feel guilty about their desires and actions.

Question 11

A fertilized egg is termed a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A fertilized egg is termed a zygote, which is the initial cell formed when a new organism is conceived by the combination of genetic materials from two gametes, typically from the sperm and egg cells.

Question 12

Which of the following phrases best approximates the proportion of fertilized eggs that fail to progress to the embryonic period of prenatal development

Accepted Answer

At least half of all fertilized eggs fail to progress to the embryonic period of prenatal development, often due to genetic abnormalities or other factors that prevent the embryo from developing properly.

Question 13

Daryl is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far haven't received good grades and, in several instances, his friends have laughed at the work he has made. Based on Erikson's theory, Daryl may develop:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Daryl is in the stage of Industry vs. Inferiority, which occurs roughly between the ages of 5 and 12. In this stage, children learn to master skills and derive a sense of competence and industry from their accomplishments. If they experience repeated failure or negative feedback, as Daryl has, they may develop feelings of inferiority.

Question 14

Bonnie is 3 months old and her parents inconsistently attend to her. Sometimes they are very attentive, feeding her promptly when she cries and comforting her when she seems upset. Other times, Bonnie cries for a long time before her parents attend to her. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Bonnie will develop:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory suggests that the first stage of psychosocial development is trust vs. mistrust, occurring from birth to approximately 18 months of age. Inconsistent caregiving, where a child's needs are sometimes met and sometimes ignored, can lead to the development of mistrust.

Question 15

Psychologists use the term ________ to refer to the physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout life.

Accepted Answer

Development is the term used by psychologists to describe the comprehensive changes—physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social—that individuals experience throughout their life.

Question 16

Which of the following sequences correctly orders the first three of Erikson's stages of development

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development begin with the oral-sensory stage, followed by the anal-muscular stage, and then the locomotor stage.

Question 17

According to Erikson, the first challenge in a child's development is that of:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development is "trust versus mistrust," which occurs from birth to approximately 18 months of age, where the infant must learn to trust their caregivers for basic needs.

Question 18

If Mike is struggling to achieve generativity rather than stagnation, Mike is probably:

Accepted Answer

Generativity versus stagnation is a stage of psychosocial development that typically concerns adults, as described by Erik Erikson. It involves the desire to create or nurture things that will outlast the individual, often manifesting in middle adulthood.

Question 19

Recall the Eriksonian challenges that occur during development. Which is correctly matched with the appropriate ages below

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development identifies the first stage as trust vs. mistrust, occurring from birth to approximately 18 months of age, where infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers and the world based on whether their basic needs are met.

Question 20

From two months after conception until birth, the developing fertilized egg is called a(n) _________.

Accepted Answer

From two months after conception until birth, the developing fertilized egg is referred to as a fetus. Prior to this stage, it is called an embryo.

Quiz 6: Growing and Developing