Question 1

A uniform pressure of 7.0 * 10⁵ N/m² is applied to all six sides of a copper cube.What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 * 10¹⁰ N/m²) A)2.4 * 10^-2% B)0.4 * 10^-2% C)8.4 * 10^-2% D)0.5 * 10^-3%

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:
A)elastic modulus.
B)temperature.
C)cross-sectional area.
D)stress.

Accepted Answer

In an elastic solid, the strain (deformation) is directly proportional to the applied stress. This relationship is described by Hooke's Law, which states that the amount a material deforms is directly proportional to the load applied to it, as long as the material remains within its elastic limit.

Question 3

The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to: A)MLT^-1. B)ML^-1T^-2. C)M²L^-1T^-3. D)a dimensionless quantity.

Accepted Answer

Stress is defined as force per unit area, which is equivalent to (mass x length x time^-2) / (length^2) = mass x length^-1 x time^-2. Therefore, the dimensions of stress are MLS^-1T^-2. The closest option is B, which can be simplified to MLS^-1T^-2. A is incorrect because it is missing the length^-1 term. C is incorrect because it has the incorrect exponents for the fundamental quantities. D is incorrect because stress does have dimensions.

Question 4

Consider two steel rods, A and B.B has three times the area and twice the length of A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?
A)3.0
B)0.5
C)1.5
D)1.0

Accepted Answer

Young's modulus is an intrinsic property of a material and does not depend on the geometry of the sample. Therefore, despite the differences in area and length between rods A and B, their Young's modulus will be the same.

Question 5

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (10⁵ Pa).What is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m * 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is 0.30 atm? A)140 N B)1 400 N C)14 000 N D)140 000 N

Accepted Answer

The answer of The pressure inside a commercial airliner is...

Question 6

A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000 kg/m³ and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m³.If the object contains equal masses of the materials, what is its average density? A)3 000 kg/m³ B)4 000 kg/m³ C)5 300 kg/m³ D)more information is needed

Accepted Answer

The answer of A solid object is made of two...

Question 7

The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to: A)MLT^-1. B)ML^-1T^-2. C)M²L^-1T^-3. D)a dimensionless quantity.

Accepted Answer

Strain is defined as the ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension, which does not have any units or dimensions, making it a dimensionless quantity.

Question 8

How large a force is necessary to stretch a 2.0-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0 * 10¹¹ N/m²) by 1.0%? A)3.1 * 10³ N B)6.3 * 10³ N C)9.4 * 10³ N D)1.3 * 10⁴ N

Accepted Answer

The force required to stretch a wire can be calculated using the formula F = (Y*A*L)/d where Y is the Young's modulus, A is the cross-sectional area of the wire, L is the length of the wire, and d is the amount of deformation (in this case, 1.0% or 0.01).

We can first calculate the original length of the wire using its diameter:

d = 2.0 mm = 0.002 m
r = d/2 = 0.001 m
A = πr² = π(0.001 m)² = 3.14*10^-6 m²

Assuming the wire is initially at rest (i.e. has no tension), we can use the following equation to find its length after being stretched:

L' = L*(1 + d) = L*1.01

Now we have all the values we need to calculate the force:

F = (Y*A*(L' - L))/d = (2.0*10^11 N/m² * 3.14*10^-6 m² * (L*1.01 - L))/0.01

Simplifying the equation, we get:

F = 6.3 * 10^13 * L Newtons

Since we don't know the length of the wire, we can't calculate the exact force required. However, we can see that the force is proportional to the length, so we can estimate the answer. Let's assume the wire is 1 meter long:

F = 6.3 * 10^13 * 1 = 6.3 * 10^13 N

This is closest to choice B, 6.3 * 10^13 N.

Question 9

A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000 kg/m³ and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m³.If the object contains equal volumes of the materials, what is its average density? A)3 000 kg/m³ B)4 000 kg/m³ C)5 300 kg/m³ D)more information is needed

Accepted Answer

Since the object contains equal volumes of the two materials, we can take the average density as the arithmetic mean of the densities of the two materials: (2,000 kg/m³ + 6,000 kg/m³)/2 = 4,000 kg/m³. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 10

A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 * 10^-6 m² and Young's modulus 11 * 10¹⁰ N/m² has a 200-kg load hung on it.What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s²) A)0.50 mm B)1.0 mm C)2.5 mm D)5.0 mm

Accepted Answer

The answer of A copper wire of length 2.0 m,...

Question 11

The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39.0 mm in height and 39.0 mm in diameter.What is the density of the material? A)21.5 g/cm³ B)19.3 g/cm³ C)13.6 g/cm³ D)10.7 g/cm³

Accepted Answer

The answer of The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder...

Question 12

When water freezes, it expands about nine percent.What would be the pressure increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze? (The bulk modulus of ice is 2.0 * 10⁹ Pa, and 1 atm = 1.0 * 10⁵ Pa.) A)18 atm B)270 atm C)1 080 atm D)1 800 atm

Accepted Answer

The answer of When water freezes, it expands about nine...

Question 13

The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick.Estimate the pressure underneath the ice.(The density of ice is 918 kg/m³.) A)9.0 * 10⁵Pa (9 atm) B)2.5 * 10⁶ Pa (25 atm) C)4.5 * 10⁶ Pa (45 atm) D)9.0 * 10⁶ Pa (90 atm)

Accepted Answer

We can use the formula for pressure, P = ρgh, where ρ is the density of ice, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the ice sheet. Plugging in the given values, we get P = (918 kg/m³)(9.81 m/s²)(1000 m) = 9.0 x 10¹⁶ Pa or 90 atm. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 14

Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures?
A)liquid
B)plasma
C)gas
D)solid

Accepted Answer

Plasma is the state of matter that is associated with the very highest of temperatures. This is because plasma is an ionized gas where the temperature is so high that electrons are stripped from atoms, creating positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons. This state of matter is commonly found in stars and other high energy environments where temperatures are extremely high.

Question 15

Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two.This indicates Bar One:
A)is longer than Bar Two.
B)has a greater cross-sectional area than Bar Two.
C)has a greater elastic limit than Bar Two.
D)is made of material that is different from Bar Two.

Accepted Answer

The Young's modulus is a measure of a material's stiffness or resistance to deformation in response to an applied force. A higher Young's modulus indicates that the material is more rigid and less deformable than a material with a lower modulus. Therefore, if Bar One has a bigger Young's modulus than Bar Two, it means that Bar One is made from a material that is more rigid and less deformable than the material of Bar Two. The other options (A, B, and C) are not necessarily related to the Young's modulus and cannot be determined from the given information.

Question 16

The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to: A)MLT^-1. B)ML^-1T^-2. C)M²L^-1T^-3. D)a dimensionless quantity.

Accepted Answer

Pressure is defined as force per unit area, where force is mass times acceleration and area is length squared. Therefore, in terms of fundamental quantities, pressure can be expressed as ML^-1T^-2, which is choice B.

Question 17

A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm².If the chisel is struck with a force of 45 N, what is the pressure exerted on the stone? A)9 000 Pa B)90 000 Pa C)450 000 Pa D)900 000 Pa

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area...

Question 18

The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to which of the following?
A)only solids
B)only liquids
C)only gases
D)solids, liquids and gases

Accepted Answer

The bulk modulus is a measure of the resistance of a material to compression under pressure. It is applicable to all states of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes all three states of matter.

Question 19

A tire stops a car by use of friction.What modulus should we use to calculate the stress and strain on the tire?
A)Young's modulus
B)compression modulus
C)shear modulus
D)bulk modulus

Accepted Answer

Young's modulus is used to calculate stress and strain in the axial direction of a material, compression modulus is used for the material's response to compression, and bulk modulus is used to measure the material's response to changes in volume under pressure. None of these is directly applicable to the stress and strain experienced by a tire during braking, which involves forces acting in multiple directions.

The shear modulus, however, is a measure of a material's resistance to deformation by shear stress, which is precisely the kind of stress the tire experiences as it grips the road and slows down the car. Therefore, the shear modulus is the best choice for calculating stress and strain on the tire during this process.

Question 20

What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 * 10⁶ m, and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 10⁵ N/m².) A)5 * 10¹⁶ kg B)1 * 10¹⁸ kg C)5 * 10¹⁸ kg D)1 * 10²⁰ kg

Accepted Answer

The mass of the Earth's atmosphere can be calculated using the formula:
mass = pressure * surface area / acceleration due to gravity
The surface area of the Earth can be calculated using the formula:
surface area = 4πr^2

Substituting the given values, we get:
surface area = 4 * π * (6.4 * 10^6)^2
= 5.12 * 10^14 m^2

mass = 1 * 10^5 * 5.12 * 10^14 / 9.81
= 5.25 * 10^18 kg

Therefore, the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere is 5 * 10^18 kg, which is closest to option C (5 * 10^18 kg).

Quiz 9: Solids and Fluids

A uniform pressure of 7.0 * 10⁵ N/m² is applied to all six sides of a copper cube.What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 * 10¹⁰ N/m²)

In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:

The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to:

Consider two steel rods, A and B.B has three times the area and twice the length of A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (10⁵ Pa) .What is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m * 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is 0.30 atm?

A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000 kg/m³ and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m³.If the object contains equal masses of the materials, what is its average density?

The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to:

How large a force is necessary to stretch a 2.0-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0 * 10¹¹ N/m²) by 1.0%?

A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000 kg/m³ and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m³.If the object contains equal volumes of the materials, what is its average density?

A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 * 10^-6 m² and Young's modulus 11 * 10¹⁰ N/m² has a 200-kg load hung on it.What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39.0 mm in height and 39.0 mm in diameter.What is the density of the material?

When water freezes, it expands about nine percent.What would be the pressure increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze? (The bulk modulus of ice is 2.0 * 10⁹ Pa, and 1 atm = 1.0 * 10⁵ Pa.)

The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick.Estimate the pressure underneath the ice.(The density of ice is 918 kg/m³.)

Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures?

Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two.This indicates Bar One:

The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to:

A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm².If the chisel is struck with a force of 45 N, what is the pressure exerted on the stone?

The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to which of the following?

A tire stops a car by use of friction.What modulus should we use to calculate the stress and strain on the tire?

What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 * 10⁶ m, and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 10⁵ N/m².)

Quiz 9: Solids and Fluids

A uniform pressure of 7.0 * 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper cube.What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 * 1010 N/m2)

In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:

The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to:

Consider two steel rods, A and B.B has three times the area and twice the length of A, so Young's modulus for B will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (105 Pa) .What is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m * 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is 0.30 atm?

A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 000 kg/m3 and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m3.If the object contains equal masses of the materials, what is its average density?