Question 1

Colby is a four-year-old boy who loves to brush his teeth because of the bubble gum flavoured, fluoride-containing toothpaste his mom buys. He often tries to eat large amounts of the toothpaste before bed. Should his mother discourage this habit? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Colby is a four-year-old boy who loves...

Question 2

Dowager's hump is one characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

Dowager's hump is a rounded deformity in the upper back often seen in older women with osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become weak and brittle. Fluorosis is a condition caused by the ingestion of excessive fluoride, resulting in discoloration and weakening of the teeth and bones, but it does not cause dowager's hump. Rickets is a condition in which inadequate vitamin D intake causes softening and weakening of the bones, but it typically affects children and does not lead to dowager's hump. The female athlete triad is a syndrome consisting of disordered eating, amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods), and osteoporosis, but it does not necessarily lead to dowager's hump specifically.

Question 3

You have recently been to a natural science museum and observed several skeletons. Explain how your bones would differ from the skeletons. Why are those differences important? Consider the functions of bone in your response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have recently been to a natural...

Question 4

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor that increases one's chances of developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis, meaning it is a behavior that individuals can change to decrease their risk of developing the condition. Other options listed are non-modifiable risk factors that individuals cannot change.

Question 5

Would you recommend someone take vitamin K supplements to reduce their risk of osteoporosis.? Why or why not?

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Question 6

Your grandma has just returned from the clinic with the results of her dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)scan. Her T-score was -2.4. She is confused as she does not know what the T-score is and what the number means. How would you explain her results to her?

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Question 7

The RDA for vitamin D is set based on the assumption that the individual does not get enough sun. Do you agree or disagree with this decision? Justify your response including information regarding vitamin D production by the body.

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Question 8

Approximately one in three Canadian women will develop osteoporosis as compared to one in five men. Provide some possible explanations as to why there is a gender difference in osteoporosis rates?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Mary is 60 years old and at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following dietary supplements would be the MOST helpful to minimize bone loss?

Accepted Answer

Calcium and vitamin D are the most helpful dietary supplements to minimize bone loss in individuals at risk for osteoporosis. Calcium is essential for bone health, and vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium more effectively.

Question 10

Shawn is a 32-year-old male who is consuming 450 mg of magnesium every day from a diet high in whole grains, seeds, nuts, and legumes. Are changes to his magnesium intake necessary? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shawn is a 32-year-old male who is...

Question 11

How can we increase our absorption of dietary magnesium?

Accepted Answer

Eating a high-protein diet can enhance the absorption of magnesium. Proteins can increase stomach acid, which improves magnesium's solubility and its absorption in the intestines.

Question 12

In which phase of the life cycle is bone loss the greatest?

Accepted Answer

Menopause is the phase in a woman's life cycle when bone loss is the greatest. This is because of reduced levels of estrogen, which helps to maintain bone density. The decrease in estrogen levels during menopause leads to an accelerated rate of bone loss, putting women at higher risk for osteoporosis and bone fractures.

Question 13

Individuals who undergo a form of weight-loss surgery called a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have a reduction in calcium absorption and an increase in markers of bone resorption. What effect would this have on their bone density? Consider the role of calcium in the body in your response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who undergo a form of weight-loss...

Question 14

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the Canada is expected to increase?

Accepted Answer

The primary reason osteoporosis incidence in Canada is expected to increase is due to the increased longevity of the population. As people live longer, the risk of developing osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more susceptible to fracture, increases.

Question 15

Compare and contrast cortical bone and trabecular bone.

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Question 16

Fluorosis is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Fluorosis is a condition caused by excessive intake of fluoride, leading to discoloration and damage to the teeth and bones.

Question 17

One source of magnesium toxicity is:

Accepted Answer

Antacids can be a source of magnesium toxicity, especially in individuals with kidney dysfunction, as they may contain magnesium and can lead to an accumulation of magnesium in the body if the kidneys are unable to excrete it properly.

Question 18

The majority of our body's fluoride is stored in the:

Accepted Answer

The majority of our body's fluoride is stored in the skeleton. Fluoride tends to accumulate in areas with high calcium content, such as bones and teeth, helping to strengthen them.

Question 19

Which of the following individuals is at the lowest risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

An overweight female in her 20s is at the lowest risk for osteoporosis because higher body weight is generally associated with greater bone density, and younger age decreases risk compared to older individuals.

Question 20

Your mother is concerned about her bone mineral density and is considering using hormone replacement therapy. Outline the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy to help her make an informed decision.

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Quiz 12: Nutrients Involved in Bone Health