Question 1

What percentage of Canadian university students reported consuming alcohol at least once in the previous month.

Accepted Answer

According to a 2019 survey by the Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, approximately 77% of Canadian university students reported consuming alcohol at least once in the previous month.

Question 2

What would be the effects of an iron deficiency on the enzymes that require iron for their activation?

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Shelley needs to be home in two hours. She has had three drinks in the past hour and would like to speed up the metabolism of alcohol so she can drive home. What advice would you provide her?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol metabolism cannot be significantly sped up by any means such as coffee, exercise, or supplements. The safest and most responsible advice is to not drive and instead take a cab or another form of transportation home.

Question 4

The process by which an amine group of an amino acid can be transferred onto a keto acid to synthesize a new non-essential amino acid is called:

Accepted Answer

Transamination is the process where an amine group from an amino acid is transferred to a keto acid, resulting in the synthesis of a new amino acid. This is a key process in the metabolism of amino acids and the production of non-essential amino acids in the body.

Question 5

Carnitine has been sold as a "fat burning" supplement. Most studies find that carnitine supplementation is not effective in those with adequate levels; however, explain why someone might argue that carnitine can help "burn fat."

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

You have eaten a large meal that provided an excessive amount of carbohydrates, ketogenic amino acids, and alcohol. What process will your body use to convert these nutrients to a form of energy that can be easily stored?

Accepted Answer

Lipogenesis is the process by which acetyl-CoA is converted to fatty acids for storage as fat. After a large meal, especially one high in carbohydrates and ketogenic amino acids, the body converts excess nutrients into fatty acids through lipogenesis. Alcohol metabolism also contributes to acetyl-CoA, which can further be used in lipogenesis.

Question 7

Explain why it would be detrimental for all of the body's glycogen to be stored in the muscles.

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Explain why triglycerides are the most useful form of stored energy.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a hormone that stimulates insulin and suppresses glucagon. What do you think an injection of glucagon-like peptide-1 would do to an individual's blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Chantelle is a young girl with epilepsy. What type of diet might she be prescribed to reduce the severity of her seizures?

Accepted Answer

A ketogenic diet, which is high in fats and low in carbohydrates, is often prescribed to help control seizures in individuals with epilepsy.

Question 11

Karl is a sedentary university student. If he were to consume a meal that provided more protein than his body needed, the extra amino acids would be:

Accepted Answer

Excess amino acids from protein consumption are not stored in the body. Instead, they are converted into energy or stored as fat after the removal of the amino group.

Question 12

In a building phase, an athlete will be gaining muscle mass. Explain which process, catabolism or anabolism, will dominate in this situation.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

If you were to consume an extremely large meal of fettucini alfredo, your body would:

Accepted Answer

Fettucini alfredo is rich in carbohydrates (from the pasta) and fats (from the alfredo sauce). After consuming a large meal of it, the body prioritizes using carbohydrates for immediate energy needs due to their easier and quicker conversion into glucose. Excess dietary fat, on the other hand, is more readily stored in adipose tissue for later use.

Question 14

When creating a protein, amino acids are linked by a peptide bond and a molecule of water is released. What type of a reaction is this? Would this reaction require energy or release energy? Explain why.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

In addition to the small intestine, alcohol is absorbed directly from the:

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is absorbed directly from the stomach as well as the small intestine.

Question 16

Explain why relying on amino acids as the primary source of ATP would be less effective than relying on carbohydrates or fats.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

The process of converting glycogen to glucose is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Catabolism refers to the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. Converting glycogen to glucose is a catabolic activity because it involves breaking down the larger glycogen molecule into smaller glucose units.

Question 18

Individuals following a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet will use more protein as an energy source. In light of this, what other dietary adjustment should they make?

Accepted Answer

When individuals consume a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, their bodies may enter a state of ketosis, leading to increased production of ketones. To help manage this and support the kidneys in processing the increased protein load, it's important to increase fluid intake. This helps prevent dehydration and supports overall kidney function.

Question 19

A group of researchers is looking at the effects of emotional stress on blood glucose levels. They measure blood glucose levels in 350 post-secondary students during the summer holidays and then again during final exams. What changes would you expect to see in blood glucose levels? Explain why this would be the case?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

What is ATP? Why is it called the energy currency of the cell? Be specific.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 7: Metabolism: From Food to Life