Question 1

An example of shaming is forcing an offender to walk down a main street in town while wearing a sign that reads "I shoplifted."

Accepted Answer

This is an example of public shaming, a punitive measure intended to humiliate the offender in front of the community as a form of punishment.

Question 2

A capable guardian can include bystanders.

Accepted Answer

A capable guardian, in the context of routine activity theory, refers to any individual or entity that effectively discourages criminal acts by their mere presence, which can include bystanders, police, security personnel, or anyone who can potentially intervene or witness criminal behavior.

Question 3

The three-strike law has been shown to be ineffective as a specific deterrent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three-strike law has been shown to...

Question 4

A vacant house in the suburbs would not be a suitable target.

Accepted Answer

A vacant house in the suburbs can still be a suitable target for burglars due to the lack of occupants, making it easier to break in without being noticed.

Question 5

A notable paradox in criminology is that efforts of deterrence do not work well with those we want to deter the most because they have nothing to fear.

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the paradox that individuals who are most targeted by deterrence efforts, often those deeply involved in criminal activities or with little to lose, may perceive themselves as having nothing further to lose, thus making deterrence strategies less effective on them. They might not fear additional penalties or consequences, undermining the effectiveness of deterrence.

Question 6

The Green River Killer's case is a good example of routine activities theory.

Accepted Answer

Routine activities theory suggests that crime occurs when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian converge in space and time. The Green River Killer, Gary Ridgway, targeted vulnerable women, such as sex workers, who were accessible and lacked protection, fitting the theory's criteria.

Question 7

Explain the importance of formal and informal factors of criminal sanctions within the rational choice theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the importance of formal and informal...

Question 8

Routine activities theory is another contemporary form of the positive school framework.

Accepted Answer

Routine activities theory is part of the environmental criminology perspective, focusing on the circumstances that make crime more or less likely to occur rather than on the biological or psychological traits of individuals, which are central to the positive school of criminology.

Question 9

Motivated offenders are always present, according to routine activities theory.

Accepted Answer

Routine activities theory posits that for a crime to occur, three elements must be present: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. The theory assumes that motivated offenders are always present in society.

Question 10

Economics had a large influence on rational choice theory.

Accepted Answer

Rational choice theory, which is used in various social sciences including economics, assumes that individuals make decisions by considering the costs and benefits to maximize their utility or benefit. Economics, with its focus on how individuals make choices under conditions of scarcity and the implications of these choices for resource allocation, has significantly influenced the development and application of rational choice theory.

Question 11

Routine activities theory assumes there will never be a motivated offender.

Accepted Answer

Routine activities theory posits that crime occurs when three elements converge in space and time: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. It does not assume there will never be a motivated offender; rather, it acknowledges the presence of motivated offenders as one of the core components necessary for a crime to take place.

Question 12

Bus depots were among the top hot spots in the Minneapolis study of 911 calls were bars.

Accepted Answer

The given statement says that "Bus depots were among the top hot spots in the Minneapolis study of 911 calls were bars." This means that bus depots were one of the places where the most 911 calls were made.

Question 13

Explain how the Three-Strikes-You're-Out policy relates to rational choice theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the Three-Strikes-You're-Out policy relates to...

Question 14

Evidence has shown that states that use death penalty have higher murder rates than states who do not use the death-penalty.

Accepted Answer

Studies and statistical analyses have often shown that states with the death penalty do not necessarily have lower murder rates compared to those without it, and in some cases, they have higher rates.

Question 15

Hobbes asserted that people who were not afraid of punishment could be effectively deterred.

Accepted Answer

Hobbes believed that fear of punishment was essential for maintaining social order and deterring people from breaking the law.

Question 16

Burglary is an example of a strikable felony that falls under the three-strikes law.

Accepted Answer

Burglary is considered a serious felony in many jurisdictions and can be classified as a "strike" under the three-strikes law, which imposes harsher sentences on repeat offenders.

Question 17

An example of a hydraulic offender would be a man who left his home knowing he was going to commit a crime.

Accepted Answer

A hydraulic offender is someone who commits a crime while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The man in the question left his home knowing he was going to commit a crime, so he is a hydraulic offender.

Question 18

Explain the difference between longitudinal, cross-sectional and scenario research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between longitudinal, cross-sectional and...

Question 19

Explain what the experiential effect is and how it relates to criminal activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what the experiential effect is and...

Question 20

Explain the three key elements of routine activities theory and provide an example for each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the three key elements of routine...

Quiz 3: Modern Applications of the Classical Perspective: Deterrence, Rational Choice, and Routine Activities or Lifestyle Theories of Crime